郭泰合 11480万字 87180人读过 连载
仨驴:西部传奇,8264和越野e族(马踏飞燕)资深老且色驴,第七次自驾进藏,去年单人单车自驾西藏月余。 飞翔,强驴,户外领队。走狼C,登雀儿山、玉珠峰、哈巴雪山等。 胆小如虎,企图发烧的老驴,老,更多意指年岁。2005年曾与西部传奇、机器猫仨驴单车自驾西藏(https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1686646-1-1.html)。.单车:Jeep牧马人·罗宾汉。保险杠,轮胎,减震器,后排座等做了更换改装,加装了绞盘,强光灯。.路途:郑州——绵阳——康定——理塘——(格聂神山,冷谷寺)——巴塘——西藏左贡——洛隆——边坝——(若果冰川,金岭冰湖)——比如——那曲——拉萨——(羊卓雍错,普姆雍错)——洛扎——(库拉岗日雪山)——江孜——(多庆错,卓木拉日雪山)——亚东——定结——老定日——樟木——(希夏邦马峰东坡)——老定日——定日曲当乡——(珠峰东坡嘎玛沟大环线9日徒步) ——萨迦——日喀则——拉萨——林芝——波密——左贡——芒康——云南德钦——(梅里雪山,白马雪山) ——大理双廊——郑州。2014年8月21日出发,全程42天。.若果冰川,仨驴的凌晨。冰川一直盘桓着云雾,云雾之上透射出繁星的幽光。冰碛湖下泄河水流动的轰响,时而冰壁崩落的撞击声,一阵雪霰对帐篷的沙沙敲打,构成天籁夜曲的交响。金岭冰湖(炯普错)。 绝美山谷的辫状水系。 野性的张扬。藏族姑娘清澈纯净的天使笑容。参天古树。羊卓雍错总是逃避不了地惹人神醉。浩淼的普姆雍措。多庆错北侧的华美湿地。卓木拉日雪峰。牧归。 夕晖映照。古堡遗存。希夏邦马峰东坡。金色的珠穆朗卓若展翅冲天的雄鹰。在珠峰东坡仰望珠峰和洛子峰。措学仁玛的迷醉湖水。鲁朗林海。波密,云雾缭绕的山林。业拉山夕照。梅里雪山卡瓦格博峰。挥一挥衣袖,不带走洱海的一片云彩。第一天在郑州集结出发,由连霍高速经西安转京昆高速到四川绵阳。第二天经成都转318国道到康定。.看到此道路指示牌,遂决定探访二郎山老川藏路,并计划在山顶露营。驶上二郎山老川藏路,我顿时热泪盈眶。我父亲曾在张国华将军麾下的十八军五十四师一六二团任团参谋,挺进大西南时,参与了川藏(康藏)公路的修筑。那个时候出生的两个姐姐因此分别起名叫玉(豫)川、玉康。在我儿时,父亲就教会了我那首高亢激越的《歌唱二郎山》。由于已修建了二郎山隧道,老川藏盘山路基本无车通行。沿路偶见废弃的工棚和房舍,无人居住。山道已显得较窄,茂盛的植物几乎将个别路段郁闭,车辆勉强通过。雨水顺着山路流淌,溅起的水幕不时遮住前挡玻璃。老川藏路盘绕在二郎山的山际。向上行驶了半个多小时,山体塌方挡住去路,只得遗憾回返,留下的是无尽的缅怀。隧道虽然快捷方便,但失却了盘山道所给予的山顶风景。过了二郎山,继续往泸定、康定的方向进跋。夜之穿城而过的折多河,让《康定情歌》以更激情的方式宣泄。([]
最新章节: 第521章 名侦探柯南庆余年 ( 2024-05-20 17:48:56)
更新时间: 2024-05-20 16:56:33
自去年行走川西以来,一直未能再目睹雪山的圣洁美景,那片洁白经常在梦中如海市蜃楼一般出现,而后坠落惊醒。由于俢研学业,在不多的时间里,和朋友一起不断的计划中,确定了今夏一起走狼塔C+V这一段路。 狼塔这条尽人皆知的线路不需过多介绍,大多数队伍都是自白杨树煤矿向前大油罐开始,翻过白杨沟达坂即进入了狼塔之路,途径台普希玛河河谷经库勒阿特腾达坂进入尔特兰塔河谷,向南翻越蒙特开曾达坂和喀纳尕伊特达坂,顺河谷而下转入V线高山牧场,之后便是一直沿着马道和机耕路行走,直到翻越天格尔达坂和乔愣格尔达坂出山,全程200公里,11天。 同行朋友多来自山东兄弟连的兄弟,分别是军dao,明月,途胜,快乐生活,黄河,高兴就好,我 在这11天说短不短,说长不长的时间里,团结,互助,共同克服困难,才得以完成共同的梦想,才能为这次旅途附上了灵魂,能得以让琐碎的事情再次鲜活的浮现在眼前,能得以细细叙来。谨以这篇游记,对所有队友以及支持,理解我的朋友们致以衷心感谢。在翻越天格尔达坂中,所遇到的祥云奇景5楼:行程安排,装备简介,费用6楼:成员介绍7楼:D0, D18楼:D212楼:D314楼:D422楼:D529楼:D636楼:D740楼:D844楼:D951楼:D1053楼:D119月5日更新视频记录欢迎关注LZ的微信空间山野记事 摄于白杨沟达坂,远方雪山刺破云层,如梦如幻,仿佛仙境。摄于库勒阿特腾达坂下切途中伙伴驻足远望,久久不肯离去。 摄于蒙特开曾达坂,冰川正在融化,冰河将冰川切为两半摄于日落时分绿湖 日落时分喀纳尕伊特达坂下方营地,正值雨后,阳光穿过云层间隙形成的巨大光柱摄于V线高山牧场,这是冬季牧场,植被未遭到牛羊破坏 行程安排:D1:白杨树煤矿山路--喀蜡莫依纳克D2:喀蜡莫依纳克--白杨沟达坂--马鞍营地--河谷山坡营地D3:河谷山坡--河谷--空中栈道--台普希玛河谷--D3营地D4:台河河谷--栈道天路--库勒阿特腾达坂3200m营地D5:3200营地--库勒阿特腾达坂--尔特兰塔河谷--牧民点D6:牧民点--蒙特开曾达坂--喀纳尕伊特达坂--D6营地D7:喀纳尕伊特达坂河谷--金矿--转入V线--乌兰达坂--恽札D8:恽札--夏热达坂--呼河三岔口--沼泽地--绿湖D9:绿湖--乌拉布图达坂--废弃金矿D10:废弃金矿营地--三屯河--天格尔达坂--D10营地D11:营地--乔愣格尔达坂--农大林场公共装备:海事卫星电话(感谢长春科罗娜提供)GPS两部:罗兰+佳明定向指南针自制50M等高线地图25M辅绳攀岩快挂*7120MM扁带*7工兵铲喷雾医药包(白加黑,酒精,碘伏,肌苷,环丙沙星,泻立停,佐匹克隆,硝苯地平,止痛片,赛肤润,止痛膏,云南白药等)电池:铁锂干电池共22节气罐:人均2-3中罐主要食品:个人按照食品热值携带2500大卡*11 的食物总量。路餐:能量棒+能量胶 =1KG费用:山区往返乌市来回租车费用1700元往返济南火车票费用1100元/每人乌市住宿费用130元/间买羊1000元各种腐败及采购公共装备费用人均约2500元 成员介绍:从左向右分别是:我,途胜,明月,军dao,快乐生活,高兴就好,黄河军dao:团队领队,退伍军人,负责路线辨识,尽职尽责。明月:团队领队军需官,负责攻略制作,财务,以及大多数进山前的工作,背负大量公共装备。途胜:热心的好队员好朋友。性情中人。快乐:退伍军人,体力非常强,第一次长线就是C+V,表现完美。高兴:非常富有户外经验的强驴,热心,也是退伍军人,来自辽宁。黄河:来自山东东营,体力非常好,此行我的搭档。我:团队导航,参与攻略,负责GPS,及大线路辨识。 D0 8月10日晴 初到乌鲁木齐的感觉似曾相识,蓝天,白云,清爽的空气和阳光,让一切明暗分明,强烈的反差给人的那种不真实感仿佛又让我回到了高原。元素大哥和三叶草姐姐热情接待了我们,简单安顿后与他们共进午餐,话简单,随和,享受着志同道合之人之间碰触的特有引力。后记:后来得知,乌鲁木齐仅在这几个月空气比较清爽,冬季的乌市污染较为严重。D1 8月11日 晴转阴雨 “迈着沉重的步伐,我感觉我差不多要透支了,重,好重,今天才第一天,难道我的狼塔之行要结束了?” 今天是进入天山的第一天,从乌市包车到起点需要三个多小时,由于前几天山区降雨,道路被毁,离原计划进山起点大油罐提早3公里左右开始徒步,山区大量的雨水阻碍了我们的行进,早早的便开始切上山坡上的羊道,这极大的阻碍了我们的速度,消耗了过多体力,昨天喝醉的我在下午3点以后开始体力不支,这时候又开始下起雨来,不得不开始扎营,今天我们离原定宿营点距离6公里,离白杨沟达坂最近的营地距离8公里。从此处进山,比大油罐远2-3公里第一天适度的过河,可以减轻体力上的消耗 D2 8月12日 晴转阴 “今天的状态很好,很容易便登上了达坂,阳光驱散了弥留在山脊的迷雾,天山慢慢揭开了她的面纱。但随风而来的云层为艰难的下撤蒙上了迷雾。我不是一名合格的导航,错上再错这种任性的决定有时候会让队伍陷入险境。” 早晨的阳光多少冲淡一些昨天留下的心理压力,向明月索要了止痛药,因怕昨天的糟糕状态延续导致无法翻越白杨沟达坂拖后了队伍进度,作为队伍的线路导航,今天的任务之重恐怕只有我一个人有之正确认识。早晨不到10点出发,下午3点后开始翻越白杨沟达坂,晚上11点前到达营地已经是不可能的任务了,白杨沟达坂,这座从前的雪山,它无时无刻不在向我们证实着它被炸毁前的巍峨。3850米,天山在这个高度上第一次迎接了我们,登上达坂的一刻,我们看到了它严肃的面容。 简短的拍照留念后,漫长的下撤,迷雾四起,黑暗逐渐降临,伤腿膝盖隐隐作痛,到达马鞍营地的时间为11点,哈萨牧民很热情,愿意提供水,但队员商量后决定继续下撤到水源处露营,我也没有提出露营,大约1个小时后找到一片有水的小营地,因为太小,我提出继续下降寻找营地,这个决定导致浪费了一个多小时才开始露营。在愧疚中,我慢慢睡着了。转过山坡,即可望见白杨沟达坂下布满碎石的冰川遗迹 白杨沟达坂冰川云中走来---位于白杨沟达坂,这座曾经的雪山是狼塔之路的第一道门槛,因矿物勘探和牧业需要70年代后被炸毁,但3850米的海拔至今仍然是阻挡徒步者的拦路虎 远处的河源峰(狼塔) D3 阴转小到中雨 “泥泞,湿滑,冰冷的河水,给昨天劳累的我们当头一棒,但是路上的马蹄灵芝一朵又一朵,让我们兴奋了好一阵子,晚上温暖的篝火驱散了白天的劳累,仿佛又活过来了。”今天的主要任务是延河谷而下,进入空中栈道,走过塌方区,沿着右侧山坡横切,辅以过河,但是早晨便开始下雨,山里本来河水就大,这一下子更是雪上加霜,第一次过河很谨慎,冰冷的水冻的大家不忍叫出声来,更痛苦的莫过于在山坡横切,泥巴很滑,每一步都很吃力,走不过去的湿滑路段军dao就用工兵铲挖坑落脚缓慢推进,今天行进速度很慢很慢,只走了预定计划的一半,在碎石坡前找了一处山坡扎营烤火。后记:传说中的老虎嘴塌方区我并没有太多印象,想来当时应该是向上走小路切过去了。由于全天下雨,照片甚少过河采用120mm扁带制作简易胸带,用攀岩快挂连接6MM辅绳的方式做保护过河。后记:鉴于今年狼塔事故,我补充一点,由于7,8月河水很急,绳索保护是必须的,即使独行,也应做好双绳保护;由于河水声音很大,队伍应做好手语准备。 D4 8月14日 小雨转阴 “相信自己,相信伙伴,是最大的能量。” 早晨醒来,身体各种不适,感冒,有旧伤的腿痛,想继续吃止痛片,但是又放了回去,我想不能让止痛片陪伴我全程,否则情况会越来越坏,我向明月说明了我伤腿的情况,他主动提出帮我减负,他替我背负800g面条,军dao提出减慢行进速度,就这样,我们今天继续在湿滑中开始行进。 今天走过碎石坡后过河转为左侧山坡横切,我想这便是所谓的天路,中途经过几次栈道,缺少止痛片的腿在屡屡作痛,湿滑的山路右侧便是深渊,危险让我暂时忘记了伤痛,咬着牙,在麻木中到了库勒阿特腾达坂半山腰的3200M营地。碎石坡栈道台河源头3200M营地 D5 8月15日 阴转晴“太阳驱散的阴霾,我们终于迎来了蓝天,今天是快乐的一天,蓝天,白云,雪山,花香,蝴蝶,还有期待已久的羊肉。”早晨醒来,在迷雾中拔营,能见度很低,只能利用GPS航点和定向指南针找到上达坂的方向,随着海拔的升高,阴霾渐渐散去,云层终于撕开了一道口子,阳光投射到山坡上,很温暖。。。登上达坂后,队员们用卫星电话向家人报平安,大家都很快乐。远处的雪山也渐渐露出真容,在欢呼与振奋中,下山第一次变得那么令人享受。中午,在山坡上沐浴阳光,吃饭,晒装备,聊天,一切都是暖洋洋的。尔特兰塔河谷是美丽的,但也是冰冷的,14次渡河令人崩溃,但是,大家都为了一个目而不知疲倦的走着,那就是-----羊肉!哈萨牧民很热情,请我们喝茶,吃油饼子,羊肉也是美味的,至今无法想象只放一把盐巴的羊肉汤为何那么美味。位于库勒阿特腾达坂旁的云雾正被强烈的阳光驱散,久违的蓝天又出现了,意味着今日的行程将不再泥泞。 尔特兰塔河支流,前方山谷汇集成汹涌的尔特兰塔河 从此以后,每天午饭时间都要例行晒装备 热情好客哈萨牧民的将自己的主要食品---油饼子拿出来一起分享,有一种淡淡的羊膻味“香香的,甜甜的”羊肉汤-----哈萨牧民说 D6 8月16日 晴转雪转晴“告别草原,登上冰川,与大雪打个照面,太阳打开天门,与乌云赛跑,今天很梦幻”今天有一块硬骨头,3900M的蒙特开曾冰川达坂,早晨睡了懒觉,吃了羊肉,养足了精力就为了它。冰川上的雪正在融化,水流在冰体上冲出一条渠道,我们小心翼翼的迈过冰河,沿着右侧艰难的翻过了这座古老的冰川。刚翻过达坂,云雾便从背后扑来,不得不赶紧下降,而后又降下冰雹和雪,好天气才持续一天又是这样,心灰意冷,麻木的走着。一小时后,雪停了,远处的山坡泛起一道金光,天开了。。。天气逐渐晴朗起来,整个山脉云气逐渐散去,太奇妙了,云雨散去仿佛只是一瞬,蓝天又回归了。翻过喀纳尕伊特达坂后,回头张望一朵乌云正扑面而来,仿佛在与我们赛跑,有着张开大口想吞噬一切一般的架势。队员们在享受这来之不易的清晨,许久没有这么闲暇过了。此时我坐在草地上,看着雪山,吃着羊肉,享受着这来自天山的馈赠。伙伴们在等待辨认路线。 蒙达坂下的营地。翻越蒙达坂冰川中 雪雨后云雨散去的速度令人惊异。彩虹隐约可见。 从达坂奔涌而下的云雾,逐渐将我们吞噬,随后被强烈的阳光驱散。 万丈光芒日落金光 D7 8月17日 晴“老天为我们的午餐准备了一条清水小河,饭后干涸了,我们踩着河床走了过去,享受着神的恩赐”今天是转入V线的第一天,山坡行走,不多的几次过河,一小段陡坡横切,很舒服,仿佛很久没这么放松过了。唯一的问就是那条充满泥浆的黄水河,此河因上游开矿充满泥沙,不见底,只能上山坡横切,有少许危险。过河后准备午餐,黄水河的水不能饮用,就向前继续走找到了一条清水小河,谁知午餐过后河竟然干涸了,没有一点水,连河床都是干干的,我们都非常吃惊。真是遇到奇怪事了。 美丽的高山牧场营地很棒,5星每天早晨在帐内烧水做饭是必不可少的事情([]
论坛看过北方空地--羌塘帖子后,一直对羌塘有着着魔一般的向往,一直筹划和准备着自己什么时候可以去看看羌塘,机会说来就来了。此次三大无人区穿越是自驾的活动虽然没有杨柳松徒步的艰辛,但是我感受到了羌塘的荒凉和他博大的胸怀,让我见到了各种凄美的景色和各种生活在这片乐园的野生动物(棕熊,狼,狐狸,藏野驴,藏羚羊。。。) ‘’羌塘‘’,藏语意为“北方空地”。羌塘位于西藏自治区的北部,昆仑山,可可西里山以南,冈底斯山和唐古拉山脉以北。由于海拔高度高,生态环境特殊人迹罕见,被人们称之为“无人区”。羌塘无人区平均海拔4700米,地形复杂,地貌奇特,方圆百里荒无人烟。走在高原,很难用言语来表达这里的景色,你只能用心灵感知他的庄严,静穆和深邃,领略大自然赋予他的瞬息万变和亿万年的寂静。 无人区就是海拔平均在4500米--5000多米的荒芜地区因长期高原缺氧不适合人群居住,此次无人区穿越每天夜宿在海拔4500以上,晚上的平均气温在-20°因为高原缺氧和天气寒冷我们所带的气罐基本都被冻上,点燃后只有一点蓝火烧点水都要半小时,水烧开也只是在70°,每天晚上扎营在高海拔地区也是有气喘嘘嘘的小高反状态,晚上进入到帐篷休息也是棉帽甚至连眼睛都要蒙住来保证温度。寒冷的夜晚也会有人值班以防动物来袭击,这次无人区遭遇了棕熊,狼群,狐狸,藏野驴,藏羚羊,野牦牛。。。当受到棕熊和野牦牛攻击我们的时候虽然是在车里,心里还是很害怕。行驶在无人区每天就是不停的陷车和拖车。 点击只看作者就可以直接看图 在拉萨等待队员集结的时候千万色拉寺看喇嘛辩经也是一种欣赏。 色拉寺辩经--出家人学习佛经后,为了加强对佛经的真正的理解,采用一问一答或一问几答的方式交流所学心得和所悟佛法,就如我们的学术讨论。它是喇嘛学习佛经的一个方式。色拉寺后山在色拉寺见到一位非常淳朴的藏族牧民来朝拜,经过沟通同意后才拍了一张照片2013年10月17日早上大部队从拉萨出发前往纳木错调整一晚高反,出发前我在布达拉宫等候车队前往纳木错途中,风吹草低见牛羊,上次来纳木错也看到如此壮丽的景色,没想到这次也能看到,因为珠峰大雪被困好多游客,我在经过纳木错一个海拔5000多垭口还是皑皑白雪。 相传“纳木错是帝释天的女儿,念青唐古拉的妻子“。它们的造像分别为:念青唐古拉--头戴盔甲,右手举着马鞭,左手拿着念珠,骑白马:纳木错--腾云驾雾地骑着飞龙,右手持龙头禅杖,左手拿着佛镜。念青唐古拉山字北方诸神灵中最具权威,它拥有广大无边的北方疆域和丰富的财宝。纳木错的美丽无法用语言来表达,这一生一定要带着自己心爱的女人来一次纳木错到达纳木错,我就扛起相机三脚架来到纳木错湖边,十月的纳木错已经很冷了游客不是很多,纳木错的美丽还是有一部分人在这里流连忘返如此美景你还能不带着心爱的人到此吗([]
这个是在去宿雾岛薄荷岛(相关乱七八糟基本攻略请看 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1806842-1-1.html )之前和几个美女去探道,13年4月的时候去的,就我一男的,众兄弟微信骂我要跟我绝交,我只能说你们太龌龊了,我就是个拎包的。4月在BORACAY有帆船大赛&当地有一个极限运动的活动,正好工作有档期可以自由支配,抬屁股就走~此行就带了两条QS沙滩裤,一件XLIMIT超薄防晒,一件棉T,一AKU背包,轻装出行。但是!几位美女一人一个大箱子,这里要感谢一下东南亚航空行李限重10公斤,要不我真是无能为力!女人啊,出门东西真是多啊.....!照片没有PS修锥子脸..........随便调调色就传了.....说一下,省的有人说我朋友肤浅,这几个女孩很厉害的,作为爷们我都很佩服。到了她们就开始张咯着拍照...海滩边上有很多吃饭的地方,长滩岛这里相当不错,比夏威夷人少,玩的可不比夏威夷差(只说海滩),假期短预算紧能自由行的年轻人首选,当然是你很爱海滩才行。酒店休整了一会就出去吃饭~海鲜可以!非常到位~不贵是真心~一人先吃5个生蚝,10个大虾~下午海滩就开始了!! 晚上你在海边走吧!全是PARTY! 吃完休息会就下海去~干什么的都有~大海,啤酒,好基友~==================================12楼继续 海滩边上晚上节目可多了,编个辫子先~5元人民币晚上就是喝酒PARTY了!太疯了~酒直接往嘴里 倒!哈哈~开心~ 没有门票,还送你一个墨镜~(FOX节目组的活动,之后在薄荷岛也被我撞到!现在官网都能看到照片)======================================第五页50楼继续 躁动了一晚上,第二天宿醉,睡到中午,下午直达海鲜市场!!不远~做小蹦蹦车就到~2元~这里的海鲜都是活的,全都特别大!吃起来吧!!这样一顿美味300元!!=================================================60楼继续 逛街开始~步行街走一圈,很绿色,跟芭提雅比不了......=============================70楼继续!这个小伙子不是我,特乐,碰巧拍上!还挺会抢镜!哈哈下午喝了个下午小酒又到晚上了~~今天轻松点~看看夜景洗洗睡~接下来就是没什么可说的潜水啊,冲浪等活动.........姑娘们传完~我的就不发了!没人看又重口味!大家多点评点评我另一篇带着奶奶出去玩的帖子啊~哈哈~小奶奶特可爱!https//bbs.8264.com/thread-1806842-1-1.html([
Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享,俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦,俺先来个免责声明:1。杨同学不认识俺,也没有授权俺,如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止;2。俺没有商业目的,译版版权归杨同学,俺啥也不要,也不承担法律责任;3。没有杨同学授权,不敢擅自发在国外网站,发在原帖处,荣誉归8264;4。俺英语水平有限,欢迎指正,欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分,不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦,希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子,原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co, where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30), 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
序: 今年六月间,我攀登了阿拉斯加山脉的主峰麦金利。海拔6193米的北美第一高峰麦金利,位于北极圈附近,气候恶劣,虽然海拔并不高,但攀登的相对高度却超过珠峰,被称为登山家的坟墓,历史上有很多著名登山家在此殒落。麦金利可以说是我所攀登过的山峰最美的一座了,整个攀登期间,共拍了六千多幅照片。 在整理相片时,攀登的情形不时再现,有时,心绪深深陷入在对某张相片的记忆里不能自拔,或悲或喜,宛如第二次攀登。照片本身我不喜欢裁剪或者过度PS,这样能尽量保持原状态。文字虽称诗,但谈不上是诗,最多只是一点心情,望与朋友们分享,更望指教,谢谢~ 另说明:1、此贴不是游记,详细游记《路的尽头》正在写作中,希望能在年底完成,呈现给喜欢的朋友们。2、不是按时间顺序写的,前后秩序有些乱,抱歉~ 今年夏季攀登期间,法国和比利时两个登山家先后在滑坠而亡,痛惜并仅以此贴怀念。死亡,对所有登山者来说,都是必须要学会面对的课。同时,这种死亡也被赋予了另外一种悲壮的美,像一阵鼓声敲打着登山者的灵魂。对于登山者来说,雪山如同永恒的情人,爱有多远,路就有多远~从C3到C4攀登中,遇到刚刚从山上撤下来的登山者,脸上挂满冰碴,沧桑的样子特别悲壮。因为那一阵天气特别不好,得知有的队在山上已经等待了二十九天,还没能登顶,另有两个队员已经滑坠遇难,对所有没能登顶的队员我都心生慈悲,每每遇到他们,都会在心里向失败的登顶者致敬。从C2到C3攀登十分累人,每个人除了自己装备外,还要分摊公用物资,拖着雪橇在漫长而松软的雪上行走,极其艰难。可当我行进到这里,看到队友像狗一样爬行时的悲壮,在这种光与影的氛围中,突然因为卑微而感到做为人的幸运。在那个傍晚,没有黑夜(在这个季节,麦金利只有白天),只有无畏,只有一颗狮子般勇敢的心。快到C3营地时,当一个国外登山者孤独的剪影呈现在我镜头里时,那种温暖的感觉让我想起小时候的家。谢谢母亲。那天下午,在C3营地的帐篷里,我一直看着这哥俩在雪坡上吃力地爬着,雪坡和人都是那样的干净,他们干净的样子让我感动,难以描述,其实,山与人应该可以交融,人本就是自然的一部分~从C3到C4攀登途中,路过这个风口,遭遇强风暴。此前,法国登山家就是在此滑坠的~ 在这里,风暴如此之大,吹得雪坡都起了波痕,让人无法行走,就是站都站不稳,等了一个多小时,风仍不见小,只得再一步步胆战心惊地下撤。从海拔五千多米的山上向下看去,山下一如白色海洋,无声的波涛拍打着堤岸,宛如一曲安魂的歌,听着时,心,无限悲壮~即使远在北极圈附近的麦金利山,人类生活对环境的影响依然明显,雪线也在一天天的消退,让人揪心也让人悲伤。如果连麦金利的雪都消逝了,人类的命运也就开始了倒计时~对山我一直心存敬畏,却一直没有过害怕。我喜欢那种融入和被融入的感觉,虽然前面充满不可预知,但也正因为如此,吸引着我。有时候,你迈出了一步,就会看到另一种人生~有时,走在雪山上,雪山厚重、无言的样子,让我常想起已经离去的父亲,想着小时候,他背我上医院看病的情景。我尝试着与父亲对话,减轻我攀登过程中的疲惫、苦难和恐惧感,更想让他知道我对他的思念。 坐在飞往大本营的小飞机上俯瞰阿拉斯加原生态立体风景,湖畔、草原,白云、群山层次分明,高大的麦金利山巅直入云宵,大地上的一切摄人心魄。看到群山,就想到了一辈子都在山中行走着的父亲。父亲从部队甫转业地方,就被打成了右派。父亲二十年右派最初的生涯是在地质勘探队里挖了几年的槽井中度过的,并落下了矽肺病,最终死于矽肺病引起的哮喘。父亲是个热爱大自然的人,棋琴棋书画无所不通,却生不逢时,郁郁而终。每每看到好的风景,或者登上了山,都想告诉父亲,但,也只能等到来日了。谢谢生我培养我的父亲,一生从没说过一句谎话的父亲!对我来说,对登山的热爱早已超过了对死亡的恐惧,但登山过程中,对那些离去者还是充满了痛惜,对生命本身还是充满悲悯~挑选这幅照片时,恍如一下又回到了当时。那天登顶下撤的过程异常艰难,最后走到大本营时,我双脚一共起了8个大水泡。行进中,袜子和血水粘在一起,每步都疼痛着。现在看着照片,已经不再疼痛,只有梦境般的雄壮和冷~那天沐浴在这样的阳光下,看着雪坡上的那人在蓝色阴影中一点点移动的身形,清风中,细碎的雪花在阳光中轻舞,一切如此美好。然而,人世很短、生命无常,这是无奈,也正是我们要珍惜当下的缘由呀~在雪坡上俯瞰海拔4300米的C4营地,小路上,一个人正在往回走着,还有三三二二的人正在帐篷外晒着太阳聊着天,有的要继续向上攀登,有的则是要下去了,但他们悠闲的样子,轻松、自在。有时候,当你看着这样美丽而清新的营地,就像看着自己曾经呆过的乡村,就像面对才见又要与之分别的情人~一夜大雪覆盖了C3营地,第二天上午的天空中,还在飘着细细的雪,看着眼前的一切,心中一片宁静,有很多的话想要说出来~在四号营地附近,有一个叫着“世界边缘”的地方,举目望去,悲凉的感觉没有尽头,整个时空仿佛都充满着深深的母爱~~这张照片上的文字是在中秋前夕写的,这个世上,我最愧对的,就是我的双亲了。我还没能好好孝顺他们,他们就走了。我经常在梦里梦到他们,每次醒来,枕头边都是湿的。在这里愿意天下所有活着的父母健康快乐~攀登雪山,走累的时候,就想睡觉,那是极度疲惫和高反的表现。看到前面的兄弟走的摇摇晃晃的样子,却无法帮助到他。在山上,一切只能靠自己~一些人走了,一些人却永远留下在了山上。有一些悲伤是短暂的,有些悲伤却很久远。在这个世上,正是因为悲伤,才使我们更加性情,才更懂得珍惜~风暴如此猛烈,横向穿过来,想将我们吹下山去。只有用这种姿势才能站稳,其实说不怕是假的,恐惧的感觉很冷~一场雪,突然而起,不是来自天上,而是从山坡下被风倒灌,吹得人像腾云驾雾一般,冰冷,站都站不稳,人类的渺小和无奈,人类的坚强都在这幅画里了~登山的风险无处不在,每个登山的人都明白,但还是来了,他们登的山,也是自己的梦。登山的时候,他们都是自己心中的山~快到C3营地的最后一个大雪坡,人类的渺小和伟大都在这样背景的映衬下呈现出来了,让我震撼无比。傍晚,两座雪山像两位端坐的老人,冷眼旁观着人世间的一切,冷眼旁观着登山者的一切,几千万年了,他们都是这样端坐着。看懂的人,能感受到他们那晚的慈祥。攻顶成功,下撤到海拔C5营地,晚上一轮明月又大又亮,与太阳余晖共存于长空。看到站在营地崖际间的老罗正在拍摄,面对此景,亲人和家乡的样子也越来越清晰,像流水不息~那天午夜,我目睹了一次太阳落下和太阳升起的过程,我经历了一次阳光将无数星星撒落在雪坡上的震撼。但这里的天空越美,就越让我想着纯朴的家乡——马鞍山~([]
〖前言〗2013年8月7日上午,肯尼亚首都内罗毕乔默-肯雅塔国际机场爆发大火,烧毁国际到达大厅,机场关闭。听闻这个消息时,我们正在从安博塞利返回内罗比的路上。“既然机场关闭,我们是不是可以晚回几天?正好可以再去一次马赛马拉!”得知这条坏消息,我们的第一反应不是叹气,反倒有点幸灾乐祸。我们在马赛马拉只呆了三天,三天的时间,对于辽阔无边的马赛马拉草原来说哪里足够,只觉意犹未尽,诸多遗憾。8月8日,按原计划下午我们就将搭乘阿联酋航空返国。但一大早便得知消息,国际机场当天依旧关闭。清静和飞翔开始与旅行社及保险公司联系,75忙着联系更便宜的酒店,因为十有八九我们这天是无法离开了。走不了,但也去不了马赛马拉,因为正值马赛马拉的旺季,如果没有提前几个月预订住宿,根本是一房难求。午饭后,我们兵分两路:大部队去机场确认航班消息,我和蟋蟀头及75去希尔顿酒店预订当晚的住宿。因美亚保险认为机场火灾不在我们的保险范围之内,保险公司拒不承担我们滞留的任何费用,所以我们得找便宜一点的住宿。对于我们这类出行常住青旅或家庭旅馆的驴友来说,希尔顿这样的五星级酒店向来不在考虑之内。但,这是在内罗毕,我们必须为自己选择一个安全的酒店。而安全,往往则意味着昂贵。在希尔顿订好住宿后,我们三人赶到机场与大部队汇合。机场区的空气里依旧弥漫着一股浓烈的焦味,国际航班抵达区的建筑被浓烟熏黑,且部分坍塌。此情此景,惨不忍睹。对于我们这些滞留的客人将如何处置,机场与阿联酋航空没有任何表态。我们一无所获地离开机场,回到希尔顿。200美元/晚的住宿费,除了安全,我们并没得到更多。房间又小又旧,似乎连如家也不如,晚餐的费用又高得离谱,大家再也没有玩的心情,只一门心思想着回去。8月9日,一大早check out后赶到机场,机场早已是人潮汹涌,混乱不堪。我们挤在一个小通道处,在长不到十米的通道排了两三个小时,才总算安检完进入check-in大厅。原以为进去后便诸事大吉,谁知那只是等待的开始。check-in大厅里早已挤得人满为患,但离开的人少,进来的人却在源源不断地增加。在阿联酋团队check-in的柜台前又排队两小时后,方得知阿联酋当天并没增加一个航班,这意味着7号8号未离开的旅客将继续滞留。满怀希望的人群一片哗然,开始躁动不安。阿联酋航空的工作人员站在柜台上讲话,让非当天机票的乘客离开,“NO!NO!”滞留的旅客,而且大多是中国游客,喊着统一的口号,表示抗议。这样的劝退与躁动发生几个回合后,驻内罗毕的中国大使馆人员赶到,人群爆发出一阵掌声,集体喊着“我们要回家!我们要回家!”这样的场面我从未经历,有点震惊,也有点感动。大使馆参赞与各团队的领队交流后,又与阿联酋的工作人员沟通。但那晚,我们的等待并没有一个好的结束。八月的内罗毕,晚上凉风习习。机场上已搭了两天的帐篷,依然还在搭建中,黑人兄弟的工作效率,实在不能令人恭维。我们一群人站在机场的一块空地上,讨论我们的何去何从。讨论没有结果,唯一确定的是,先回酒店休息。在机场耗了一整天,大家都累了,身心俱疲。所幸的是,8月10日一大早,阿联酋航空便来电,要我们赶紧去机场。这一天,机场的秩序明显比前一天好很多,我们顺利地办完值机、通关、安检,直至坐到帐篷搭成的临时候机大厅时,心里才安定许多。心安之余,回想肯尼亚的这十多天旅程,只觉内心五味杂陈。原以为可以在肯尼亚无污染的大草原上畅快呼吸,享受天然氧吧,谁知灰尘铺天盖地,大家都用口罩或头巾捂着脸,每天回到房间都是蓬头垢面。原以为可以在内罗毕穿街走巷,享受逛街乐趣,谁知内罗毕安全堪忧,因抢劫时常发生,我们所停留的地方,除了餐厅,就是酒店。原以为只要在对的时节到了马赛马拉,每天都可以欣赏到角马过河的壮观场景,谁知这其实非常靠运气。但不得不承认,近距离看动物是多么美好的一件事。优雅的长颈鹿、温顺的斑马、性感的猎豹、稳重的大象、猥琐的鬣狗、霸气十足的狮子。。。当曾在动物园里才能看到的动物,忽然在我周围自由行走、奔跑,那感觉真是无以伦比的美妙。特别是当狮子情侣含情脉脉地对望时,那一刻,我的心瞬间被打动,化得如水一般温柔。当然,更多的故事,更多的细节,还是请与我一起,走进肯尼亚。 D1(7-29)上海——迪拜——内罗毕4点钟,天未亮,整个城市还在沉睡中,我俩便拎着行李从家里出发了,去浦东机场与朋友们汇合。我们将搭乘715的航班,经迪拜转机前往肯尼亚的首都内罗毕。在这之前,我只睡了3个小时。待飞机准时起飞时,我已进入沉沉的睡梦中。在梦中,我似乎进入了时光隧道,去往另一个不同维度的空间。但的确,那是另一个不同的国度,位于赤道上的东非国家——肯尼亚。抵达时,我们的时针将往回拨5个小时。时光倒流,在抵达肯尼亚的那一刻,梦想成真。 内罗毕国际机场,号称是东非最大、也最繁忙的机场,但在我们看来,小,且陈旧。繁忙却是真,当地时间傍晚19点过时,依然人流如潮,通关时,三四个关口处排着冗长的队伍。机场让人失望,但入住的酒店Crowne plaza却是当晚最大的惊喜了。出发之前,领队清静就说,肯尼亚的条件不太好, 即使五星级酒店,也不一定有wifi,也不保证有热水淋浴,千万不要用国内五星级酒店的准来衡量。所以,当我们走进酒店,便有人递上热毛巾和芒果汁,有人主动帮忙搬送行李,再到走进房间,眼前一亮,打开手机,免费联上wifi时,激动之情便难以言喻了。只是,酒店禁止吸烟,不仅只是酒店大堂等公共区域,所有房间都禁止抽烟。烟瘾难耐的蟋蟀头不甘心,让我打电话到前台,询问何处可以抽烟。话筒那边的声音,礼貌且明确:请下楼,走出酒店大门。如此严格的禁烟,是我们意想不到的,更意想不到的是,酒店居然在门口设有安检,所有的行李都必须通过安检。当时虽觉奇怪,却并不太为意,只是在后来的行程中,才渐渐明了其中的原因所在。 D2(7-30)内罗毕——马赛马拉 早餐后,我们便径直驱车离开酒店,没有在内罗毕作任何停留,直接驶向马赛马拉。座落在使馆区的Crowne plaza,似乎位于市区之外,仅几分钟而已,我们便已远离内罗毕,行驶在两边是乡村或镇子的公路上。而内罗毕的真实面貌,尚未见识。 我们团队20人,共租了六辆面包车,每辆车3-4人。我和蟋蟀头、龙之杰三人一辆。刚上车坐稳,蟋蟀头便要我和司机说,带我们去买打火机。司机约瑟夫Joseph一口答应。一边开车,一边回过头说道:“no problem.” 刹车没踩,车速没减,还回过头来说话,他这个举动吓坏了我,赶紧说道:“别转头,别转头!”我的话音刚落,约瑟夫又把头转了回来,举着手里的香烟告诉我们,“车里可以吸烟”。他这句话让蟋蟀头和龙之杰高兴不已,赶紧给约瑟夫递过去一支烟。因为,在这之前,我们的导游再三告诫,肯尼亚很多地方不能随便吸烟,比如公共场所、草原、车上。但刚出发,就有这样的破例,两个烟鬼当然兴奋不已。他俩兴奋,我却有另外的担忧。约瑟夫开车时只要说话,必定回头,这习惯令我最初非常担心行驶的安全问。但实际上,我当然是多虑了。黑人司机的脑袋后面似乎还长了另一双眼睛似的,他们即使回头说话,也能灵活地与对面的车辆擦肩而过。 9点过,我们途中的第一次停车,杜导说,东非大裂谷到了。东非大裂谷,这条长度相当于地球周长1/6的大裂谷,是大陆上最大的断裂带。深陷的地沟,犹如地球的一道巨大伤疤。位于肯尼亚的裂谷,只是东非大裂谷的一部分。在裂谷地带,发现了距今已经有350万年的“能人”(从猿到人过渡阶段的人)遗骨,诸多考古发现证明东非大裂谷是人类文明最古老的发源地之一。在人类起源问上,很多科学家支持“非洲起源说”,即目前生活在世界各地的现代人类的祖先在大约20万年前起源于非洲,然后在距今10万年以内离开非洲,向亚洲和欧洲扩散。我们其实都是非洲后裔,你相信吗?maybe。但眼前的大裂谷,因为角度问,并不能让我们感受到视觉上的震撼。眼见不一定为实,便是这个道理。在大裂谷观景点,蟋蟀头的最大收获,可能便是买到的两盒火柴。观景点旁边一个木雕礼品店,我问售货员是否有打火机出售?他摇头,然后从袋中掏出1盒火柴。我点点头,“这个也行。” 售价1美元,没有讨价还价。想再问他多买一盒,他跑去另一个房间,对另一个人叽叽咕咕一阵后,那个人不知从什么角落里又翻出一盒火柴。火柴难道是这里的稀缺货?我有点不明白。后来问约瑟夫,为何他们不卖打火机,只有火柴?他回答,因为打火机的气有伤身体,所以人们不爱用。真是这样吗?我半信半疑。 再一次停车时,正值中午时分,我们停在一家酒店午餐。下了车,男人们除了抽烟,便是纷纷抢着与黑人兄弟合影。他们的心思谁都明白,无非是想彰显一下自己的皮肤有多白。蟋蟀头之前一直说自己晒得太黑,现在他终于心理平衡了。不仅不黑,而且看起来似乎太白了。 我们的司机约瑟夫,英语说得比我溜。在曾经是英国殖民地的肯尼亚,英语是官方语言,课本全部是英语写成。所以,只要上过学读过书的肯尼亚人,都会说一口流利英语,而且还是英式口语。非洲是一夫多妻制,所以我很好奇,约瑟夫娶了几个妻子。当他回答我,没有结婚时,我大为诧异。再问他年龄,他告诉我,他43了。听闻他已43岁还没有结婚,我表示不相信。他淡淡地笑着,“结过婚,但现在离了。”后来聊起他的生意时,他才说,7~10月是肯尼亚的旺季,他几乎天天开车在外;即使淡季的时候,也是隔一周外出一周,聚少离多,所以就离婚了,而且没有儿女。现在正和一个中国女孩交往中。约瑟夫的坦诚相告,让我了解到现在的肯尼亚,城市中的男人们迫于经济上的压力,一夫多妻在减少,这种现象也许在农村会更为普遍。 午餐是自助餐。实际上,我们在肯尼亚这一路上,在酒店都是自助餐,如果在草原上,就是酒店准备的餐盒。非洲的饮食比想像中好。午餐后,继续上路。路边的植物,开始变得奇奇怪怪。 初来乍到,沿途的所有风景都令我们感觉新鲜,即使车没有停留片刻,我们手中的相机快门也没停歇过。在通往马赛马拉的前半段路程时,约瑟夫并不干涉我们拍照,但后半段路经一些小镇时,他便严禁我们拍照,“NO photo!”他说归说,我们拍归拍,并不太理会他的干涉。但没想到,他神情更加严肃地阻止道:“这里不要拍照!如果你们再拍,街上的人会拿石子扔我们的。”一边说,他一边晃着右臂,做出扔石子的举动。我看着路边的人们,他们中的有些人在我们经过时还会向我们挥挥手。我很难想像,如果我拍他们,下一刻,他就会捡起石头攻击我们。但约瑟夫的严肃劲告诉我们,他不是在瞎编故事,他一定亲身经历过,他的车可能就被那些石子砸坏过。 越接近马赛马拉,灰尘越大。当车从公路转入土路时,灰尘已是铺天盖地,迎着车袭来。即使车窗全部摇紧,也丝毫无用,在剧烈的颠簸中,车窗很容易就被颠开一条缝,然后缝隙越来越大。车中,一股干燥而呛人的土味,弥散开来。我和蟋蟀头都戴上了口罩,但过不了太久,蟋蟀头还是把口罩摘到了一边,“太闷了,气也喘不过来的感觉”。约瑟夫果然不愧有15年的车龄,驾驶经验丰富,即使路烂到极点,车七摇八颠,他也几乎不减速。别小看他这辆破面包车,可是改装过的拥有四驱的面包车。真正是面包车的外型,越野车的本领。车虽然颠得厉害,但我们还是睡着了。待再醒来时,蟋蟀头抹了下嘴巴,伸手向我要水喝,“我得喝口水把嘴里的土给咽下去。”他这话,把我刚喝进嘴里的水,差点喷出来。待我们六辆车终于全部停下来,我们可以下车透下风喘口气时,周围已是一片清新。“快看,那边的一群羚羊!”不知谁叫了一声,所有人的相机都对准了不远处草地上的一小群羚羊 。这是我们在草原上第一次看到动物,难免兴奋。但在后面的几天,这样的羚羊随处可见时,大家也就习以为常了。毕竟,这是非洲大草原上最最常见的一种动物。 上车,继续向前。刚刚进入马赛马拉的我们,新鲜、好奇、兴奋。显然,斑马比我们淡定许多。七八月是马赛马拉的冬季,枯黄的草色,一片片地蔓延开来,羚羊开始随处可见。我们的车停在了马赛村的门口。这些身披红布,手执一根木棒的男人,便是传说中连野兽也怕的骁勇善战的马赛人。我拿着一袋给小朋友们准备的棒棒糖跳下车,谁知,刚下车,这袋棒棒糖就几乎被这些男人们瓜分干净。去非洲之前,在书中了解到,马赛人不爱拍照,因为他们担心拍照会带走他们的灵魂。所以,我对去马赛村拍照心有顾忌。但是,这已不是一般的马赛村了,它已经商业化。早已见惯了各类游客,再加上我的棒棒糖,这些马赛男人都很乐意与我合影一张,即使把他们人手不离的木棒借我一用也是无所谓。 要识别马赛男人很容易,因为他们的装束很醒目:两块红底黑条或红底黑格的布,一块扎在腰上遮羞,一块披在肩上。马赛男人之所以喜欢身披红布,其实是为了吓跑狮子等野兽,保护他们赖以生存的牛群。随着时代的变迁,这块传统的红布不再是单一的红底黑条,也变换出多种样式,出现了黑条、黄条、蓝条或者黄格、蓝格,唯一不变的就是大红的底色。蟋蟀头提出要披一下他们身上的那块红布,那个马赛人立马答应,把自己身上的披风解下来,给蟋蟀头围上,再系个结,就OK了,穿戴十分容易。 这个说一口流利英语的马赛男人叫Peter,我注意到,甚至于他的装束都与其他马赛男人不一样。Peter指着距离我们不远的一个小门说道:“请大家抓紧时间,赶紧过来吧,我们为你们准备了节目。”那个用树枝扎起来的拱形小门便是马赛村的入口,低矮的入口与他们修长的身材完全不符。我们猜想是为防大型野兽进入才设计成这样的。参观马赛村并非免费,每人要收取35美元。这样一个自费项目让团队中的部分人有点犹豫不决,踌躇着是否要花200多人民币的门票去参观一个商业化的小村落。他们的犹而不决让Peter有点不耐烦了,大声地说道,“如果不参观村子,请不要再拍任何照片。”不能拍人,即使拍风景照也不行。最终,我们的团队一分为二,一部分去参观马赛村,另一部分则直接去酒店。关于值得不值得,每个人的心里都有把秤,且准不一,难以评判。我只是认为,既然已到了别人家门口了,人都站门口欢迎我们了,那就去吧,就算是一种礼仪。门票,就算是我们登门拜访的一点礼金而已。去亲朋好友家串门做客,我们还得拎点东西了,去别人村里作客送点礼品更是无可厚非。最重要的是,即使这已是一个对游客开放的马赛村,它也还是马赛村,是马赛人自己的家,而非一个临时搭建起来供游客参观的人工景点。跟着Peter进了马赛村。过那道拱门时,身材矮小如我,也得弯腰才能进入。村不大,零落地散着一些土坯砌成的房屋。低矮的土屋,与马赛人的身高同样不匹配。待我们一一进入,十几个马赛男人已经排成一排,准备为我们跳“勇士之舞”。“勇士之舞”是马赛男人的传统舞蹈,在他们的哼唱中,一个接一个的马赛人开始立定跳高,跳完一轮,再来一轮。除了绷紧小腿,笔直地往上跳,勇士之舞没有更多动作,手上也不需要多余的比划,只要尽可能地跳得高些就行。这真是我所见过的最简单的舞蹈。但其实,跳得高,跑得快,历来就是马赛人对勇士的认定准,这其实也与他们的游牧习性相关。(拍摄者:蟋蟀头) 跳完舞,Peter开始为我们介绍他们的村庄。Peter说,收来的门票钱是为六个村子的100多个孩子筹建学校而用。得知我们每人交的35美元将用来建学校时,我心里顿时宽慰了许多。我问Peter,他为何会说英语?因为在我的想法里,以游牧为生的马赛部落,遵循传统生活方式的马赛人,一口流利的英语,似乎与他们完全沾不上边。Peter告诉我,他上过学。他竟然上过学?我有点吃惊。再问,村里有多少人上过学时,他平静地说道:“两个人。”另一个人,便是他的弟弟。“你是村长吗?”我问。能有这样特殊待遇的人,在我看来,必定是特权阶层。“NO。my father is chief.” 原来,他是酋长的儿子。Peter很得意地告诉我,他有10个老婆?十个老婆?!太让人吃惊了,他怎么顾得过来?“你结婚了吗?”这次轮到他向我提问了。“结婚了。”我指了指正在拍照的蟋蟀头。“不过,他只有我一个老婆。”我补充道。“你老婆向我提了这么多问,看来她爱上我了。要不,你把她让给我吧!”Peter开玩笑地和蟋蟀头说道。“NO。”蟋蟀头摇着头答道。但后来,他后悔了,和我说,“我应该假装答应他,再看他打算用多少头牛来换你,你就知道你值多少头牛了!”他刚一说完,便被我狠狠地掐了一下。不过,以畜牧为生的马赛人,的确是用牲畜作为娶亲的聘礼,据说十头牛就可以娶一个老婆。 接下来,Peter就要带我们进屋去参观了。马赛人的房屋用泥土和牛龚搭建而成,屋顶则用茅草盖上。在马赛娶老婆,男人不用担心房子问,因为房屋都由老婆搭建,一个老婆一个屋子。门很小,依然只能弯腰进去。进去后是厅,除了一股难闻的骚味,小小的厅里什么也没有。如果要坐下来,对着门,靠墙的一侧有一条砌高的土堆,可以当沙发一用。而这难闻的味道,则来自牲畜。因为牲畜是马赛人的财产,有时晚上会让牛羊进屋,以防被野兽偷袭。所以,马赛人的房屋实际上是人畜共用,有股怪味也就在所难免了。侧面有个更小的门洞,钻进去,再向左转个弯,便是卧室了。这样的内部构造,其实是防止野兽或者敌人的贸然闯入。卧室小得可怜。靠右的地上用土稍微砌高点,再铺一些布,就是他们的床了。我有一个疑问,马赛人这么高的个子,这么短的床,岂不是从来都不能伸直腿睡觉?距离床边不到一米远的土灶,便是他们煮饭的地方。而墙上那个透着光亮的小洞,则是窗户。在我看来,说是窗户实在太不贴切,怎么看也只能说是个窗洞。在屋里生火煮东西,却只有这么小的两个窗孔换气,人住里面岂不要闷死?灯呢?屋里黑漆漆的一片,他们晚上用什么照明呢?杜导的解释是,马赛人的生活是日出而作,日落而息,天黑就睡觉了,根本用不着点灯。家徒四壁,马赛人的房屋真是把这个词解释得再透彻不过。(拍摄者:蟋蟀头)几个人挤在屋里,没呆多久,已觉缺氧,再加上屋内气味奇怪,我必须得出去透口气了。一出来,迎面便撞上一气质不凡的老者,他便是Peter的父亲——酋长大人。蟋蟀头按中国人的见面规矩,赶紧递上一支烟。老酋长把烟接过来,微笑不语。虽然他不会英语,我们无法更多交流,但老酋长的确是给人一种大家长的感觉。 令人惊讶的是,马赛人至今沿袭万年前钻木取火的传统。两个人搭手。把一束枯草杆垫在地上,草杆上再放一个带孔的木块,一人用手按紧这个木块,不让它移动。另一人则用一根木棍穿过木块的孔眼,并两手合掌转动木棍。18秒的时候,开始有烟冒出,不到30秒,那束枯草杆已有些许火星。马赛人便把木棍和木块拿开,用手捧着枯草杆,用嘴对着火星开始吹。烟雾越来越大,直至那束枯草杆燃起了红色的火苗。钻木取火成功,全过程仅1分钟15秒。但我永远是那个“为什么小姐”,从小到大都是如此。我从蟋蟀头那里拿来一盒火柴,问Peter,“你们为何不用火柴呢?这个更方便快捷。”说完,我掏出一根火柴,准备示范给他看,让他知道现代文明的厉害。哪知,第一根火柴竟然没划燃;换一根火柴,不行;再换一根。连换几根火柴后,Peter笑了,我却万分沮丧,并且无从解释。也许,是神不想破坏马赛人对钻木取火的执着吧,想借马赛人将这古老的传统保持下去,以告诉后人,我们人类曾经用这样的方式取火。令人啼笑皆非的是,随后Peter拿了一个带孔的木块问我,要不要买?而且开价不菲。 接着,女人们终于登场,为我们表演唱歌。与马赛男人相比,女人的穿着就色彩丰富许多,而且身形相对肥胖,不知这是否与生育有关。 一夫多妻,全世界男人的梦想。不能一夫多妻,但至少可以与老婆们合个影。男队友们都纷纷跑过去与马赛女人合影,领队清静跑得最快,顺利拔得头筹,75次之,飞翔第三。只是,老婆们却越来越少。可怜的蟋蟀头,轮到他时,只剩三个马赛女人了。但他还是很开心,跟着马赛女人一起边唱边扭。她们唱的是马赛语,可蟋蟀头,你唱的又是什么呢?虽然是第四个上场,但明显他很受马赛女人的欢迎,一起唱歌,还一边有所交流。只是,你们在说什么呢? 唱完几曲后,马赛女人们散去,Peter要继续带我们去参观。他指着房屋后面草地上围成半圆形的货摊说,“This is our market.”货摊上的东西无非是一些手链、项链和木制工艺品。Peter指着手链和项链告诉我说:“这些都是我们村里的女人做的。”然后指着木雕说,“这些都是我们男人做的。”“卖这些东西的收入也将用来建我们的学校。”看着这些做工粗糙,且大同小异的商品,这一次,我却有点怀疑了。真的是自己做的?真的会把钱用来建学校?无论如何,读过书的Peter已经不再是一个原始的马赛人了,也许,在他的意识里,早已植入了市场经济。不过后来再想想,即使这些收入不是用来建学校,而是用来改善他们的生活,也未尝不可。毕竟,他们的生活环境,真的不咋样。而事实上,随着时代的发展,旅游业的兴起,放牧早已不再是他们唯一的谋生手段。旅游收入,已经成为这些村庄重要的收入来
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