《最新章节全文阅读,我是蓬蒿人的小说》最新章节_最新章节全文阅读,我是蓬蒿人的小说无弹窗

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忘忧草研究院一二三切换路线转

刘育紫

加蓬位于中部非洲的大西洋海岸。赤道穿越，为赤道多雨气候,国土面积的85％为热带雨林所覆盖。首都和最大城市是利伯维尔。让蒂尔是加蓬重要的港口、矿业城市。我是一名中石化员工，2008年9月，因我所属的中方公司上层与加蓬石油公司有合作项目，我和队友才有机会来到非洲加蓬国，在让蒂尔南部以伊根甲营地为中心，对周边岛屿和浅海地区进行了，为期五个多月的石油地震勘探施工作业。2008年10月17日，下午五时左右，营地遭遇了罕见的飓风袭击，将近一半的营地帐篷物资损毁，狂风夹着暴雨施虐了一个多小时，财物损失严重。暴雨还没有停止，留守在营地的值班领导和一些队友就开始冒雨抢救物资和进行自救。。。。。虽然营地遭遇了飓风袭击，个人和公共财物也受到了损失，在这样那样的困难面前中国的石油工人没有退却，一边正常组织生产，一边积极开展营地自救自建，因为我们坚信用我们的铁人精神一定能够开创更美好的明天，胜利的彩虹一定会在风雨后重新升起。。。。。伊根甲准化营地鸟瞰图　飓风和台风都是指风速达到33米/秒以上的热带气旋，只是因发生的地域不同，才有了不同名称。出现在北太平洋西部和我国南海的强烈热带气旋被称为“台风”；发生在大西洋、墨西哥湾、加勒比海和北太平洋东部的则称“飓风”。飓风在一天之内就能释放出惊人的能量，气旋中心位置破坏力极强。营地遭遇飓风袭击后的场景伊根甲营地全景鸟揽暴风雨中在营地的留守人员和刚从工地回来的一部分队员开始冒雨组织自救刚才还躺在宿舍休息呢，这一阵飓风过后，就站在雨里了，估计还没回过神来，好在大家人身还算安全。左下角是被飓风刮倒的旗杆。。。。暴雨中先抢救没有被淋透的行李和电器营地一片狼藉，铁杆的天线也被飓风刮弯了。帐篷被刮得七零八落镜头前的这张床就是俺睡的，帐篷不知飞哪去了，床上的被褥和私人用品吹落了一地，蚊帐是从后边的空地上捡回来的，还不知道是不是我的。。。雨小了，大家开始收拾残局。这张不知是谁的家人照片，还静静的躺在雨水中。。。。刚收工回来的员工立即投入现场进行自救营地领导积极组织自救自建部分黑人员工也加入到自救队伍自己动手重建家园([]

国产第一页牛牛影院

蔡宛蓉

Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give b

宅男的天堂亚州国产

张品治

“徒手骑行206天” 中国拉萨出发，独自骑行穿过中亚、中东、东欧、南欧，到达埃及开罗A.前言：为了一个最初的梦想“在年轻的时候，希望有一个机会，可以去外面的世界走走、看看，并且做到‘让心灵去旅行’，如果有一天在路上累了，就回国、回家”。阿康选择27岁出去旅行，认为生活不仅仅是为了金钱和物质而奋斗，应该是花更多的时间为追寻自己的梦想与心灵的成长而努力，而奋斗。B.旅行时间：2012年5月24日，从中国长沙旅行出发，乘坐火车到达成都，然后直飞拉萨。2012年6月5日，从中国拉萨骑行出发，7月8日，国外独自一个人骑行开始， 12月27日，土耳其伊斯坦布尔，整个206天骑行结束（将近7个月）。2013年1月02日从土耳其伊斯坦布尔直飞埃及开罗。2013年1月09日从埃及开罗直飞中国广州，下午又活着回到中国长沙，整个231天旅行结束（将近8个月）。C.旅行线路：中国长沙（开始旅行）→成都→拉萨（开始骑行）→珠峰大本营→阿里地区巴嘎乡→ 新疆喀什→ 塔吉克斯坦→乌兹别克斯坦→土库曼斯坦→伊朗→阿塞拜疆→第一次格鲁吉亚→亚美尼亚→第二次格鲁吉亚→土耳其伊斯坦布尔（骑行结束）→埃及开罗→中国广州→长沙（旅行结束），详见旅行线路图。阿康为了自己的梦想一路上都在坚持，从没有放弃过，他将持续分享自己一路骑行的故事及景色。a.旅行线路图b.骑行前进的一路上c.从中国拉萨骑行出发图片：A.旅行线路图；B.骑行一路上的图片；C.从中国拉萨开始骑行出发。图片：A.旅游线路图；B.骑行一路上的图片；C.从中国拉萨骑行出发。A.旅行线路图B.一路骑行前进的图片； A.中国一个没有准备、没有骑行经历、没有出国经历骑行在这条路上、并且一路写下骑行微博日记的小伙。从骑行出发到骑行结束：骑行天数：0到206天；骑行距离：0到11600公里；穿过国家：0到8个国家；微博日记：0到170000字；B.中国一个敢于这样骑行，并且一路都坚持在骑行前进的路上，经过重重困难，实现自己的梦想，并且最终到达目的地埃及开罗的小伙。在短短206天的骑行途中经历：6次生死时刻；6次产生害怕；13次可能中止骑行前进；287次借宿。C.要想成为一个合格的骑自行车旅行的人，就不应该选择搭乘汽车到达目的地，要学会独自承受一路上的痛苦和困难，要学会独自去承担那份辛酸与苦辣。阿康是一名来自中国的骑行者。阿康在骑行前进的一路上：“选择不曾后悔，永不放弃最初的选择”。 A.一路上最初从中国拉萨骑行出发有5个人，到达珠峰大本营后，变成为3个人，到达西藏阿里地区狮泉河镇变成为2个人，从中国喀什出境，到达国外塔吉克斯坦杜尚别变成为阿康一个人，阿康虽然没有准备，也没有地图、书籍、攻略、电脑等。但是他告诉自己：“这样机会可能一辈子只有一次，错过将永远不会再次拥有”，他为了自己梦想，选择了坚持。他把生命放在旁边，独自开始他惊险刺激的国外之旅，也可以叫国外的一次冒险之旅，因为对于阿康来说：“每天每时每刻都是崭新的开始，他对前面是一无所知”。B.在路上的风景，一路上很多的景色都是可遇不可求。C.在骑行前进的路上阿康旅行的开始，骑行开始，一路都在为了自己梦想坚持，他在路上最终实现了自己的梦想，并且骑行的时间为206天（将近7个月）。2012年5月24日，阿康携带着简单的行李装备（因为老蔡对他说：“你什么都不用携带，就是携带一些简单的换洗衣服即可，很多东西我都已经准备好”）从中国长沙出发，准备开始旅行，阿康选择27岁去实现自己的梦想：“在年轻的时候，希望有一个机会，可以去外面的世界走走、看看，并且做到‘让心灵去旅行’，如果有一天在路上累了，就回国、回家”。他乘坐火车去往成都，于5月28日直飞拉萨。5月31日阿康直接在中国拉萨购买一辆自行车及骑行需要的必备装备，就决定跟随着老蔡一起骑着自行车去旅行，但是阿康从没有长途骑行经历、从没有提前做好接下来骑行的功课、也没有随身携带电脑、地图、书籍、攻略等相关的东西。2012年6月5日，阿康从中国拉萨骑行出发，骑行微博日记也跟随着他骑行前进的步伐开始，一路骑行经历珠峰大本营（A.直接选择高海拔线路骑行；B.坚持，一再坚持，还在坚持“九天时间内，独自骑行完五座大山的上坡路段”）、阿里地区巴嘎乡（D.自己选择的路，跪着也要走完“连续四天的时间，在无人区骑行”；G.精彩世界，需要自己去体验）、阿里地区噶尔县（A.围绕冈仁波钦神山转一圈；C.为什么这么说呀“可能国外独自骑行，老蔡与阿峰‘鼓励’他的话语”）、新疆喀什（A.没有准确的信息，直飞；B.艰难的选择“是后退，还是前进”）。7月7日，在新疆的喀什，老蔡突然对阿康说：“接下来，你一个人单独骑行国外，我就不带着你一起继续骑行国外。”最初阿康选择出来旅行，就是老蔡说：“是带着他一起骑行前进，到达目的地”，他才敢选择出来旅行，因为老蔡是选择骑行，他也跟随着选择骑行，中途（6月29日）老蔡又对阿康说：“变成为只带着他骑行一个国家”，可是现在变成为他一个人单独骑行前进。阿康非常的吃惊对老蔡说：“我从来都没有出过国；也从来都没有在国外长途骑行过；出国前什么都没有准备（旅行前的功课、电脑、地图、书籍、攻略等）；出国前不会说英语俄语（只知道基本英语单词、俄语从来都没有接触过），中途不是说好，带着我骑行一个国家吗？”这时老蔡接着对他说：“你一个人独自骑行国外，我相信你应该是可以的，也是可以到达你自己设定的目的地。”（在中国境内骑行前进的一路上：1.因为身体原因骑行岗巴拉山的上坡路段，选择他人帮助骑行前进6KM；2.因为身体原因从珠峰大本营返回到G318，搭乘汽车距离102KM；3.因为塔吉克斯坦证时间有限，从阿里地区巴嘎乡搭乘汽车到达新疆喀什距离1320KM；4.听驴友说塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别不能延的原因，从新疆喀什搭乘飞机飞往塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别，距离3300KM，其他将近1500KM全部骑行前进。） 2012年7月8日，阿康入境塔吉克斯坦杜尚别，他从中国拉萨骑行出发5个人（阿康、老蔡、阿峰、食神、木木），到达珠峰大本营变成为3个人（阿康、老蔡、阿峰），到达阿里地区噶尔县变成为2个人（阿康、老蔡），到达塔吉克斯坦杜尚别变成为1个人（阿康），变成为单独骑行前进，并且经过在中国境内的喀什、乌鲁木齐机场的两次行李简化，从而也进一步变成出国前极其简单的骑行装备（一辆自行车、四条备胎、一瓶链条油、一套补胎套件、一个打气筒、一套露营装备、两副备用刹车、两条刹车线、一条备用档位线，他就准备开始独自骑行国外，接下来应该不叫骑行国外之旅，完全可以叫国外的一次冒险之旅。阿康一路骑行经历塔吉克斯坦（A,争取最后的一次机会；无依无靠“第一次产生害怕的感觉”；D.忘掉曾经一次次的伤痛，此时只有感谢与感恩“老蔡钱包丢失，寻求阿康的帮助”；E.一等，再等，还在等“等待乌兹别克斯坦的邀请函”；J.银行借记卡，失而复得）、8月16日，从塔吉克斯坦杜尚别出发，一路骑行经历乌兹别克斯坦（D.连续二次惊险借宿，差点死于非命；F.身边所发生的事情，得到的五种感受；G.精彩的四次搭乘顺风车；H.阿康是一名来自中国的骑行者）、土库曼斯坦（A.挑战自己快速骑行能力“4天骑行前进680公里”）、伊朗（C.夜间骑行，摔倒在公路上；D.这是在拿命在拼呀？拿命在骑行前进呀？“第一次骑行黑暗公路隧道；E.为什么会这样呀？“帮助阿康骑行黑暗公路隧道的汽车都一一开走”；H.挑战自己5天不用钱怎么生存？“挑战野外生存能力”；J.在警察局，警察准备拿抢出来，不允许阿康走）阿塞拜疆（A.深深感动，一直在流泪“生日当天，好兄弟通过微博传递祝福语”；E.再次拒绝，心灵破碎“连续5天借宿都被拒绝”）；第一次入境格鲁吉亚（D.漂浮的心-短暂放下，身体状态-短暂恢复）、亚美尼亚（C.强壮的身体，是他生命安全的最后一道保障“晚上睡觉全身出汗”；E.骑行（骑自行车旅行）的含义）、第二次入境格鲁吉（A.行善事“不分大小、不分贵贱、不分人兽”；D.差点掉到悬崖；F.不想再继续骑行前进“再次摔倒在公路上”）、土耳其（A.e.是前进，还是放弃？“挑战自己4天单手骑行前进440公里”；A.f.差点就拿生命开一次玩笑；B.a.不走，是因为不敢走“说服路边唯一的一栋住房”；B.f.身体状况极差，外界环境恶劣；B.g.第一次选择后退去借宿；B.j.人未变，心已变；C.f.要么成功、要么失败、要么危及生命“艰难的最后一次借宿”；C.h.阿康已经尽力，以后就靠你们），阿康于12月24日骑行到达土耳其的伊斯坦布尔。（并且在其他8个国家骑行前进的一路上：1.因为边境警察不让继续骑行前进的土库曼斯坦，搭乘汽车去往伊朗边境的最后25KM；2.在伊朗骑行的一个晚上，发现继续前进有生命危险，选择搭乘汽车的45KM；3.在第二次入境格鲁吉亚骑行时下大雨，选择搭乘汽车的3KM；4.因为在土耳其伊兹密尔感觉身体状态急剧下滑，选择放弃继续骑行前进，从土耳其伊兹密尔搭乘汽车到达伊斯坦布尔，距离400KM，其他将近10100KM全部骑行前进。） 2012年12月27日，自行车被永远“留在”在土耳其的伊斯坦布尔，即整个骑行之旅结束。此次长途骑行之旅，阿康骑行前进的距离超过11600公里，在骑行前进的路上：A.成功完成3次挑战自己，“4天骑行680公里穿过土库曼斯坦”、“五天不用钱怎么生存？”、“4天单手骑行440公里”；B.实现自己的梦想“出来走走、看看”，并且也做到“人未变，心已变”；C.他已经尽自己最大的能力“想让更多的人知道，阿康是一名来自中国的骑行者”。整个骑行时间被永远定格在206天（将近7个月），骑行微博日记也被永远定格在回忆D206天。谁说：“阿康是不能到达埃及开罗，他一路千辛万苦，最终还是到达骑行的目的地”。用血与泪，谱写着整个“徒手骑行206天”的历程。2013年1月2日，他从土耳其伊斯坦布尔直飞埃及开罗，到达最初在路上设定的骑行目的地。 1月5日阿康也把整个206天的骑行微博日记写完，但是他出国前从来都不写日记，也几乎从来不使用任何即时通信，并除中国外其他9个国家都是使用酒店和餐厅的WIFI，他却仅仅用手机写完一份206天长达17万字的骑行微博日记，即他的整个骑行微博日记结束。2013年1月8日，他从埃及开罗直飞中国广州，即将结束整个这次长途旅行。结束的原因：A.阿康想中国，他离开最喜欢的国家中国已经长达7个月的时间，难道他不想念它吗？每当自己在国外得到咱们中国人的帮助；每当自己在国外遇到来自咱们中国的驴友；每当自己在国外受到欺负时，他都是非常想念中国，中国是一个生他养他的地方，不管国外的景色再漂亮、人民再友善、自己的生活过得再精彩，但中国才是他真正的家园，才是他最温暖的家园，他永远都是炎黄子孙的儿子，他永远都是一名来自中国的中国人；B.阿康想亲朋好友，他离开最难以忘记的亲朋好友已经长达8个月的时间，难道他不想念他（她）们吗？每当一个人在外骑行前进；每当一个人去景点参观；每当一个人在餐厅用餐；每当做什么事情都是一个人时，他是非常想念亲朋好友，曾经与他（她）们在一起开心、快乐、相随相伴的岁月，时时刻刻都在想念着他（她）们，因为他觉得与他（她）们在一起自己的生活过得更加愉快、更加充实、更有意义。C.阿康想爸妈，他离开最亲爱的爸妈已经长达9个月的时间，难道他不想念他们吗？每当自己经历过一次生死时刻，他都觉得如果就这样死去，最对不起的就是最亲爱的爸妈！每当过节，他都是一个人偷偷躲在房间里面哭呀！每当看到借宿给他的一家人，欢聚在一起，他还是一个人偷偷躲在墙角哭呀！他是非常想念爸妈，时时刻刻都在想念着他们，因为他们永远都是阿康最爱的人，他们对于我们什么都不求，只求在外的我们过得平安、健康、快乐，只求在外的我们能平安回到家，因为他们会在家，一直在等我们回家。经过此次长途骑行后，对于他来说，骑行固然重要，但是亲情、友情、爱情更加重要。并且他不是一个专业的骑手，他仅仅是一名非常普通选择骑自行车旅行的新人。2013年1月9日，下午阿康终于活着回到中国长沙，意味着：“他27岁的长途旅行结束”。一共花费时间是231天（将近8个月），回来后，送给他自己的一句话：“选择不曾后悔，永不放弃最初的选择”。阿康在骑行前进的路上，第一次骑行，选择从拉萨到达珠峰大本营，一路都没有掉队。目录1. 中国西藏拉萨 — 珠峰大本营：A．直接选择高海拔线路骑行；B．坚持，一再坚持，还在坚持；C．一名合格骑自行车旅行的人；D．与队友们的合影；E．到达第一个目的地；F．阿康没有掉队；2. 珠峰大本营 — 阿里地区巴嘎乡：A．最终的目的地；B．没有准备，就必须等待；C．踏上G219，一天就经历三重考验；D．自己选择的路，跪着也要把它走完；E．尽量选择借宿吧；F．到达第二个目的地；G．精彩世界，需要自己去体验；3. 阿里地区巴嘎乡 — 中国新疆喀什：A．围绕冈仁波钦转一圈；（一）B．可能国外单独骑行；C．为什么这么说呀！1D．证的时间有限；E．选择西藏旅行；4. 中国新疆喀什 — 塔吉克斯坦：A．没有准确的信息，直飞；B．艰难的选择：“是后退，还是前进”；2C．再次增加骑行的难度系数；D．“这不是在戏弄我们吗？”3E．这次就算了，下次一定要携带；4F．骑行、风景、坚持；5. 塔吉克斯坦：A．争取最后的一次机会；B．无依无靠；①C．一颗永不放弃的心；D．忘掉曾经一次次的伤痛，此时只有感谢与感恩；E．一等，再等，还在等；F．哥们，这是为什么呀？；5G．在外我们就是一家人；H．希望“它”一直离我们远去；6I．有想法，有行动，就会有收获；J．银行借记卡，失而复得；7K．除了感谢，还是感谢；6. 乌兹别克斯坦：A．终于可以顺利出发；B．身体状态下滑、眼前模糊一片；C．实在避免不了，就接受吧；D．连续二次惊险借宿，差点就死于非命；E．对未来骑行产生恐惧；8F．身边所发生的事情，得到的五种感受；G．精彩的四次搭乘顺风车；H．阿康是一名来自中国的骑行者；7. 土库曼斯坦：A．挑战自己快速骑行能力；B．借宿后，产生一种不舍的念头；8. 伊朗：A．只知道骑行前进就是对的；B．自行车一次完美的SPA；C．夜间骑行，摔倒在公路上；（二）D．这是在拿生命在拼呀？拿生命在骑行前进呀？；②E．为什么会这样呀？；（三）F．一个漂亮的伊朗女孩；G．骑行高速公路隧道；H．挑战自己：“五天不用钱怎么生存？”；I．有趣的大货车司机OSLI；J．在警察局，警察准备拿枪出来，不允许阿康走；K．遇到心爱的女孩SARA；L．观看演艺广场的表演；9. 阿塞拜疆：A．身上快没有现金；9B．深深感动，一直在流泪；C．明天早上必须得走；D．再次接受现实残酷考验！”；E．再次拒绝，心灵破碎；（四）F．曾经辛苦付出，总会得到回报；10. 格鲁吉亚：A．没有证，怎么入境呀？；10B．多次询问、一再坚持、再次转载；C．我们是一家人，一起高兴、开心、快乐；D．漂浮的心-短暂放下，身体状态-短暂恢复；11. 亚美尼亚：A．这个怎么骑行呀？；B．好心的餐厅员工JaKe；C．强壮的身体，是他生命安全的最后一道保障；D．强壮的身体需要，自己顽强的意志力更需要；E．骑行（骑自行车旅行）的含义；F．想睡个好觉，不容易呀？；12. 再次入境格鲁吉亚：A．行善事：“不分大小、不分贵贱、不分人兽”；B．盲目坚持、错误判断；C．质疑自己为什么还在坚持？；D．差点掉到悬崖；（五）E．多行善事、定有回报；F．不想再继续骑行前进；G．深山一个村庄，居然没有一个人居住；③H．太辛苦的五天连续骑行前进；I．旅行是好工作；13. 土耳其：A．格鲁吉亚巴统-土耳其安卡拉a. 汽车突然一个急刹车；b. 冒死骑行高速公路长距离隧道；c. 汽车从应急车道上超车；d. 为了身体，今天再贵也得住酒店；e. 是前进，还是放弃？11f.差点就拿生命开一次玩笑；g. 几乎没有力气继续骑行前进；h. 一个不会轻易选择放弃的人；12B．安卡拉-安塔利亚a. 阿康不走，是因为他不敢走；b. 越往前骑行，越是恐怖；④c. 一定会带着“你”一起前进；d. 雪中骑行，享受其中；e. 喜欢阿康的一个土耳其女孩；f.身体状况极差，外界环境恶劣；⑤g. 没有选择后退，那么将永远不能再次选择后退；（六）h. 一座漂亮的大雪山；i.让暴风雨来得更猛烈吧！；j. 人未变，心已变；C．安塔利亚-伊兹密尔a. 海滨城市-卡什；b. 土耳其婚礼；c. 去一个景点不容易呀！；d. 身体，给他一个重要反馈信息；13e. “路程再难，你总是需要骑行过去呀?”；f.要么成功、要么失败、要么危及生命；⑥g. 实在不行，就推吧；h.阿康已经尽力，以后就是靠你们；D．伊兹密尔-伊斯坦布尔a. 为送一份最真实、最真诚、最难得可贵的礼物；b.结束土耳其的长途骑行之旅原因；c.两张照片，变成为永久的纪念；d. 自行车被永远“留在”伊斯坦布尔；f. 骑行微博日记的正式结束纪念；14.埃及：A．到达骑行最终目的地；B．准备回国及回国后；15.附加：A．感谢骑行一路上支持阿康的人；B. 一路上的风景；C．一路上自行车的问及处理方式；D．一路上遇到的狗及应对方式；E．一路上阿康的身体状态；F．一路上来自微博鼓励阿康的话语；G．“让心灵去旅行”的含义；H．为什么一路上都在坚持借宿；I．为什么一路上都没有添加骑行装备；J．为什么他会坚持写微博日记及总结；K．手机地图定位的效果；L．各国旅游证的信息；M．一路自己写下的话语；（注明：“（一）”代表生死时刻；“①”代表产生害怕；“1”代表可能中止骑行前进）骑行到达珠峰大本营在骑行G219的路上，远处的山峰就是冈仁波齐。在骑行G219的路上，远处的山峰就是冈仁波齐。 2.从珠峰大本营骑行去往阿里地区巴嘎乡：A.最初整天就是吃着灰尘，在我们把它叫做灰尘制造机B.在骑行前进路两边的风景C.在骑行前进的我一路精彩的图片继续分享：2.从珠峰大本营骑行去往阿里地区巴嘎乡：a. 在骑行前进的路上，一天基本都是骑行在这样碎石路上，一路不知道吃了多少灰尘。而且每次“灰尘制造机（大货车）”过来，阿康有时路都看不清楚。 b.虽然一路上都是在高海拔的地方；有时一路都骑行在充满的灰尘的路上；并且一路上的空气都是相当干燥，但是阿康武装好自己，依然在为自己的梦想在坚持，在前进。c. 无论是早晨、中午、傍晚；无论是炎热、上坡、逆风；还是自己身体缺氧、疲惫、饥饿，阿康一直都骑行在G219（新藏线）前进的路上。D.在G219的两边都是荒漠，而且有些路面迟早有一天都会被细沙给覆盖掉。E. 著名的马攸木拉山（海拔5211米，海拔提升400米，上坡路段10公里）。此时的阿康的骑行能力，已经还可以，一口气骑行到达山顶。F.骑行在G219，前进路上的风景。阿康会一直先分享一路上的风景，因为在一路上的精彩故事，他还在努力整理中，一旦有一天他觉得还行的时候，他会按目录上再给大家分享。先谢谢大家的支持，阿康会一直加油下去！在27岁时，阿康骑行在G219前进的路上，风景分享：A.玛旁雍措圣湖的简介：B.玛旁雍措圣湖的湖水：C.在玛旁雍措圣湖旁边的阿康。 D.阿康第一次骑行前进，将近20天，他几乎变成为另外一个人。他照镜子的时候，自己也吓了一跳。E.阿康第二个骑行的目的是：冈仁波齐神山（世界上公认的神山），一路都是遇上逆风，阿康没有放弃，而是跟随着队友们缓慢前进。F.路边的风景 H.1314阿康爱骑行，在图片里面远处即是神山；G.冈仁波齐神山的特写；E.在神山冈仁波齐下面的巴嘎乡，旁边的小溪有很多的鱼。阿康与队友们，每天晚上就靠它们来补充自己的营养。巴嘎乡，还没有户户通电，只是晚上旅舍的老板会用发电机进行发电3小时。在外骑行的人，是相当艰苦的，骑行在川藏线、拉萨到珠峰大本营、G219（新藏线）就更加。但是我们要想成为一名合格的骑自行车旅行的人，就不应该选择搭乘汽车到达目的地，要学会独自承受一路上的痛苦和困难，要学会独自去承担那份辛酸与苦辣。接下来，阿康将会上传：1.为什么阿康会变成一个人骑行国外！（5变成3，3变成2，2变成1）。2.在机场，为什么行李一次次被迫简化！（喀什到乌鲁木齐；乌鲁木齐到达杜尚别）3.他一无所有，依然选择一个人坚持在骑行前进的路上！（中国喀什出境，塔吉克斯坦杜尚别入境）。这是最初阿康从中国拉萨骑行出发，一起出发的队友们5个人（从左到右老蔡、阿康、食神、阿峰、木木）：到达珠峰大本营后，变成为3个人阿康、老蔡、阿峰。D25天的中午，在中国西藏噶尔县。最初准备一直带着阿康一起骑行前进的老蔡，突然对他说：“出国后，我们分开骑行前进”。当时阿康非常惊讶的回答他：“哥们，不会吧，我可是从来都没有出过国呀？也不怎么会说英语呀？更主要的是，我可是也什么都没有准备（功课、攻略、骑行一些必备的装备）、什么也都没有携带（电脑、地图、书籍等）呀？”这时老蔡对阿康说：“我相信你的能力，应该是没有问”。阿康只有无语的先接受老蔡突然说出要他独自骑行前进的决定，但是他因为还是害怕，厚着脸皮对老蔡说，至少要带着他一起骑行前进一个国家，老蔡当时的回答是：“到时候具体再看吧”。在D25天傍晚阿康与老蔡、阿峰（一起骑行前进的另外一个队友）用餐时，当谈到关于接下来国外可能是阿康一个人骑行前进时。他们（老蔡与阿峰）不但不支持，而且还说了一些“鼓励”阿康的话语，当时阿康非常无语的看着他们，并且心想：“自己本来对接下来的国外骑行前进，就变得非常迷茫，变得非常害怕，自己心里一片恐惧感，现在你们还火上浇油，我阿康一路应该是从来都没有得罪过你们呀！”阿康鼓起自己人生中最大的勇气，对他们俩说：“我一定会尽自己最大的能力一直骑行下去，而且我更会选择一路都坚持骑行前进，同样我也非常相信自己的能力，应该是可以做到（骑行到达目的地埃及开罗）”。 A.中国新疆喀什艾提尕清真寺B.从中国乌鲁木齐，飞往塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别：接下来，就是国外9个国家的骑行故事与图片分享，“一路不断挑战自己，挖掘自己的潜力，被迫冲淡所有的一切，要求自己永不放弃去追寻梦想，”：a.中亚：塔吉克斯坦（39天）、乌兹别克斯坦（29天）、土库曼斯坦（4天）;b.中东：伊朗（17天）;c.东欧：阿塞拜疆（11天）、格鲁吉亚（两次入境共17天）、亚美尼亚（13天）;d.南欧：土耳其（43天）;e.北非：埃及（旅行7天）。2.阿康选择了坚持，选择了一个人，什么都没有准备，几乎什么都没有在前进的路上。D33天下午，在中国新疆喀什。老蔡再次突然对阿康说：“接下来，你就一个人单独骑行国外，我就不带着你一起继续骑行前进，当飞机到达塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别后，我们就分开骑行。”阿康面无表情，非常无语的对他说：“不会吧，哥们，最初不是说好，先带着我骑行一个国家或者几个国家吗？我现在是一无所有呀？你这样让我独自骑行前进，不就是让我进行一次非常具有挑战的国外骑行吗！”老蔡又是再次对阿康说着一句重复的话语：“你一个人独自骑行国外，我相信你应该是可以的，也是可以到达你自己设定的目的地。”此时的阿康不知道接下来应该怎么办呀？自己是选择后退，还是前进呀？后退：意味着放弃此次骑行国外之旅，结束整个骑行之旅，结束整个旅行回家；前进：在什么都没有准备（对即将需要骑行到达的国家、需要骑行的路程、需要参观的景点等脑袋里面一片空白）、什么都没有的情况下，独自一个人第一次出国骑行，这不仅是一次非常高难度的挑战自己之前所学习到的能力，而且接下来的骑行可能就不叫骑行国外之旅，完全可以叫国外的一次冒险的之旅。阿康自己再次思考后，跟自己说了一句话非常鼓励自己的话语：“这是你的旅行、也是你的骑行，你是带着梦想出来的，与任何人都没有关系，并且这样机会可能一辈子就一次，错过我们将永远都不会再拥有。”3.阿康的行李在机场，两次被迫简化。第一次D33天，阿康到达喀什机场后，在机场办理登机手续的柜台，他把行李都放在行李传送带上面时，工作人员对他说：“你的行李已经超重，你现在选择要么就托运自行车，要么就托运驼包（自行车骑行专用包）。”阿康立马回答到：“不会吧，在我驼包里面（还是想托运自行车），有洗漱用品、碘酒、云南白药喷雾剂等都一些必备的生活用品及骑行中可能需要的药品呀？”工作人员对他说：“没有办法，你现在只能选择其一，要是想都托运，你就得另外付托运费用”。阿康没有立马给工作人员回答，而是自己一个人在办理登机手续的柜台旁边思考着，接下来怎么办？最后他得出的结论是：“节约费用，就托运自行车，驼包就自己随身携带登机，那些洗漱用品及碘酒、云南白药喷雾剂等到时候到达塔吉克斯坦杜尚别再去购买吧。”阿康终于换取到去往乌鲁木齐的登机牌，因为需要转一次机，阿康只有先从喀什坐飞机到达乌鲁木齐，然后再从中国乌鲁木齐飞往塔吉克斯坦的杜尚别。准备进入候机大厅，在行李安检处，阿康把自己驼包里面的洗漱用品、碘酒、云南白药喷雾剂等都拿出来交给安保人员，心想接受现实对他非常残酷的考验吧。当他把驼包放在行李传送带上面进行安检，顺利通过，阿康也就顺利进入候机大厅。第二次到达乌鲁木齐机场后，阿康快速领取自己的行李后，立马又去找，去往塔吉克斯坦杜尚别办理登机手续的柜台。当他来到柜台，办理登机手续时，被工作人员告知：“你的行李（自行车），已经超重、也超宽，只能办理收费托运，但是你的驼包可以免费托运。”阿康立马说：“不会吧，刚刚我才从喀什乘坐飞机，到达乌鲁木齐，自行车都可以免费托运，怎么现在又不行。”工作人员说：“国际航班与国内航班能免费托运行李的规定不同，没有办法这是公司的规定，我们也没有办法，只有遵循。”阿康非常无奈的回答到：“好吧”。阿康快速推着机场行李车，找到机场一个空地方，心想既然要办理收费托运，那么就从自行车的包装盒，拿出一些东西出来，自己随身携带（节约费用），然后在机场行李打包处，重新打包好以后，准备再次去柜台办理登机手续。当再次来到办理登机手续的柜台，这时工作人员又说：“你是自行车属于大件行李，需要去大件行李处过安检，你才能到这里办理收费托运手续及登机手续。”他于是推着机场行李车，找到机场的大件行李安检处进行安检，当他把自行车的包装盒放在行李传送带过安检机器，20秒后，工作人员说：“自行车的包装盒里面有两边刀（骑行在外，是一件非常重要的装备），不能携带。”阿康立马说：“不会吧，仅仅是托运，又不是随身携带，这样应该没有关系吧。”工作人员说：“不行，这是机场的规定，我们只能执行，现在你打开自行车包装盒，把刀取出来，再过一次安检”。阿康只有遵守机场的安检规定，重新打开自行车的包装盒，把刀取出来，交给工作人员，再次把自行车的包装盒简单封好，放在行李传送带上再次过安检机器，这时心想，再次接受现实对自己的非常残酷的考验吧！20秒后，工作人员说：“这下没有问，你现在去机场打包处重新打包一下，然后先去办理登机手续的柜台办理好自行车的收费托运手续及换取登机牌后。再过来，你的行李（自行车）将从这边上飞机。”阿康的回答是：“好的”，他快速推着机场行李车，来到机场打包处，把再次被拆后的自行车包装盒，又重新打包好。阿康一个人无依无靠来到中亚-塔吉克斯坦，仅仅是在老蔡的《中亚》书上拍了一张图片，就往塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别的市中心骑行过去。塔吉克斯坦首都杜尚别的城市风景：咱们伟大的祖国中国，在杜尚别的大使馆。遇上当地人举行的一场婚礼（我还拍摄了视频，很有意思）。([]

二零一八年天天燥燥

卢原士

这段行程已经走了一段时候了，年前曾在一个网站上更新。后来有朋友说你应该贴到8264上面去，那才是专业的户外网。对我来讲，专业不专业倒不重要，因为我开始走之前就对户外知识所知甚少，一路走来，也没学到什么专业知识，唯有一些文字记载，倒可以供朋友们闲暇时看一看，或许能在某一方面某一点上给一些朋友提供一些参考。　　8264没有徒步的专栏，看到游记攻略里有徒步的贴子，于是便在这里安家吧。　　2012年过完年，就着手在网上购买装备，3月初出行，开始一段属于自己的行程。我的行程其实不是旅行，而是基于自我认识的社会走访。也就是说，我希望自己到外面去亲自看一看，了解一些真实的情况，而不只是报纸媒体加工后的报导以及各式人群站在各自利益角度的讲评。请大家别误解，我只是一个极普通的小百姓，就是想自己去看一看真实的世界罢了。　　在出行之前，我没有户外经验，只是偶尔看过一些野外生存的视频，除此之外，最多也就是单位组织到郊外爬爬香山之类的。就是基于这些知识和个人想像，我决定了自己该准备哪些装备，并在两周时间内备齐，然后出发。　　行程暂停后，包括行走过程中，和别人聊时，有些人希望我能出本书。这年代出书的太多，没有什么价值，最终就像宋丹丹小品中的《月子》，成了方便之纸了。我自知我的行走尚无多少东西可以成书，或者说有些东西目前尚不便于公开讨论，但行走过程中的风景，倒是可以拿出来与大家分享。　　因此，本贴属于旅游贴，基本不涉及其它。　　在这里先说明几点：　　1、我的行走始于2012年，有些户外露宿的地方以及其他人情世故均可能有变，这里只是供大家参考；　　2、我是单身老男人一个，请各位不要纠集太多；　　3、SD卡从相机里取出来时，不小心掉到地上，然后打不开了。早不久请人恢复，发现仍有一些照片没有恢复，因此这里可能有些风景的照片无法贴出来；　　4、我敬仰伟人毛主席，因此带了一面红旗，上面有毛主席画像和“为人民服务”五个字。这是我的信仰，请各位理解。　　5、我是从湖南韶山开始徒步的，走到四川雅安时，已是6月中旬了。本贴就从雅安开始。　　6、照片中如果有您的身影，而您又不愿意出现的，请通知我，我及时删除；如若本人不在线，也可请版主删除。　　7、本贴是日记，因此文字显得有些平淡，甚至有些枯燥。我的装备比较简单，用路上遇到的驴友们的话说，我不是装备党。800g鸭绒羽绒睡袋342.40元双人双层铝杆帐篷300元徒步鞋 339元80L登山包 130元数码相机 1105元夏季抓绒睡袋内胆28元冲锋衣 199.6元冲锋裤 39元泡沫防潮垫 30元750ml保温水壶 30元2W强光手电 35元户外野营头灯 17元户外腰包 57元三合一户外雨披 38元　　以上是主要装备及价格，另外，还备了一些09压缩饼干、巧克力、登山扣、强光手电的充电电池、绑腿带、汤料包、绳子、手套、打火石、缝纫线、护膝、衣物毛巾、单兵净水器、救生毯（感觉就是塑料溥膜）、医药包、急救包、小工兵铲等。　　当然，还背了几本书，这个路上休息时可以看。　　这些东西看上去不多，但等装到包里，背上之后才觉得是那么的沉。登上去西客站的公交车，因为包太大而无法坐下，就这么站在车上我就流汗了。不知是在四川还是贵州时称了一下，60多斤。相关装备当是也没怎么拍照，只有这么几张　　6月11日到雅安，在小廊桥上搭帐篷休息。　　在雅安休息了几天。一是之前走得有点累，需要休整；二是想在这里补充一些物资。在网上订购了一肉干、压缩饼干等物品，请雅安的姜叔帮我代收。姜叔是雅安本地人，住在张家山。妻子因病已神智不清十几年，生活不能自理。这十几年姜叔对她不离不弃，吃喝拉撤全由他一人照料。他说以前老婆没生病时对他好，现在是由他来关照她的时候。真的是好丈夫！我的伞被大风从小廊桥上吹到河里，姜叔告诉我如何下廊桥到河边捡到伞，然后认识的。　　我的睡袋只有800克绒，睡了一段时间后，绒从里面掉出来一些，而且上面的绒也移向一边，胸部几乎就只有睡袋布了。之前睡着还行，这几晚感觉有点凉。西藏海拔高，昼夜温差大，这样的睡袋肯怕不行。于是就回到之前的草坝镇，给睡袋充了550克绒。多亏充了绒，后来在高原上才能睡得踏实。　　考虑到西藏地广人稀，手机充电不方便，于是又买了一块电池。过新都桥后，手机基本处于无信号状态，因为无信号，手机就总是处于信号搜索状态，电池一天不到就用完了。后来干脆关机，只是休息时偶尔打开看一看。因此，这块新买的电池作用也不大。我不知道现在川藏线情况如何，反正我行走的时候，川藏线上电信的信号极差，倒是移动的信号不错。我用的就是电信的手机，后来实在没办法，在理塘办了一个移动的手机。　　我脚上的鞋子穿了三个月，已经破旧不堪，于是又在雅安买了一双新鞋，但没有穿，而是挂在包上。为了省钱，又把旧鞋补了一次，重新穿上。这次补鞋，从补鞋师傅那受到启发，之后在路上自己慢慢地学着补鞋了，再后来鞋子破了基本是自己补。　　去草坝给睡袋充绒时，我的帐篷仍搭在小廊桥上，没有收。事实上在雅安休息的那几天，不管是逛街还是去网吧订东西，我的帐篷就一直搭在上面没有收，除了防风钉被人拿走了外，其他都很安全。雅安体育馆这位大哥告诉我如何往雅安城里走中华第一吻雅安小廊桥雅安大廊桥小廊桥上买纪念品的藏族兄弟雅安夜景姜叔在雅安休息的那几天，我的帐篷就一直搭在小廊桥上，没有收，包括白天去逛街，甚至到草坝镇给睡袋充绒。除了第三张图地上装防风钉的黄色布袋被人割走外，其他均很安全。 2012年6月14日　周四　晴转阴　　收拾行李准备动身，突然想起川藏线上人烟稀少，我可以买一个小的酒精炉在野外煮点方便面吃，于是便又去雅安的户外店、华兴街（小商品一条街）、菜市场问了一遍，只有那种火锅的大炉子。带那么大一个炉子，想想就害怕……。我当时还不知道有那种户外专用的小气炉，好像户外店的人也提醒过，但我就认定了小的酒精炉，认为酒精路上还可以消毒啥的，没把小气炉当回事。　　这一折腾，等背着包开始前行，过大廊桥后已经是中午了。买了2元钱的小包子坐在路边的荫凉处休息，忍不住就又吃了起来。其实早餐吃得挺晚的，这才动身，包子是想留着备用的，不其一下子就吃完了。发现自己真是一个吃货，这以后无人区怎么办？　　正吃着，一个帅哥走过来，问我是不是徒步。他说他前不久刚骑车去拉萨，用了二十多天。说实话，入藏我心里挺没谱的，于是赶紧向他请教入藏知识，要注意一些什么。现在也记不清他当时告诉我一些什么了，反正还是挺谢谢他的。如果没记错的话，小伙应该是姓贾。出雅安城不远就是茶马古道站，路边有一些雕塑，远远的还看到有几个背包族在互相拍照并留下联系方式。当时心里超兴奋，以为找到了同伴。谁知他们有的是去雅安，有的尽管是去西藏，但是徒搭，前行不出一公里就搭车走了。　　下午三点左右，坐路边休息，准备给雅安的姜叔发个短信或打个电话，告诉他我已动身离开雅安。一看上面有他两个未接电话。路上车多声杂，竟然没有听到。急忙打过去，关机。估计是午休还没起来。前行一个半小时，路边有一处山泉水，比较清冽，有不少人在那里接水喝。我也接了一点水，还洗了一个头。姜叔打来电话，告诉我西安的一个包裹来了。当时订货时向老兵说明了情况，老兵说立马给我发货。12号下的单，14号就到了，真的快，谢谢老兵！和姜叔商量，说等重庆的另一个包裹来了后我再一起去拿。谢谢姜叔！　　下午快六点了到飞仙关镇。本想在这里搭帐篷休息的，但飞仙关镇太小，我边走边找搭帐篷的地方，一不小心就走过了。　　晚上八点多，天已经全黑了，走到不知道一个叫什么村的地方，看到有一家叫什么香的饭店。今天还是早晨吃了几碗米饭，加上中午2元钱的小包子，走到现在，肚子挺饿的，于是决定先去吃饭，再找地方搭帐篷。老板人很好，饭菜都足，还让我在他们屋前的操坪搭帐篷。一方面是担心晚上下雨，另一方面是操坪就在公路边上，怕哪个司机喝多了眼花没控制好方向盘，所以谢谢了他们的好意，继续向前寻找地方。　　前行一个多小时，发现一个在整修的加油站，看情况是停止运营好长时间了，应该是安全的，于是进去搭帐篷过夜。　　可惜的是，SD卡数据恢复后，这里有好些照片都没找到，包括饭店老板家的。小贾驴友离二郎山还有69公里茶马古道雕塑这不知叫什么桥，感觉还挺有气势的宿营地2012年6月15日周五阴转雨一大早就被守加油站的附近农民叫醒，好在他问明情况后并没有说什么。收拾行李朝前走，才发现昨晚不急不慢，已经走到了始阳镇。在镇上一个小饭店，花10元钱吃了一个快餐。很多人围着我问这问那，我也慢慢跟他们聊。在饭店吃饭的一个老太太，提着茶壶过来给我倒水。我赶紧说自己来，她坚持要给我倒，说她75岁了，觉得我说的一些是对的，有道理。我不好再坚持，只好站起来以示感谢。原以为过了雅安走上川藏线后大卡车会少点（到雅安之前我不是走的318国道），谁知大卡车货车仍是超多，加上道路不宽，就显得很拥挤。车一过就是一团灰，很是不爽。而且卡车声音超大，姜叔打来电话我又没有听到。走到天全，已经下起了大雨。我想把包放在318路边一个加油站，自己回雅安拿包裹，但加油站的人不同意，怕不安全。想想也有道理，一旦出事，影响非同小可。于是过桥到天全中学，把包寄放在门卫保安处，坐车到雅安西门车站。为了尽快赶回天全，明知摩的宰客，也只得由着他了。（由雅安西门车站到天全的最后一班车为下午5：30，而我到雅安时已经下午4：30了。）姜叔住街后一栋平房里，里面倒也清净。他老婆脑痿缩，已不具备行为能力，全由姜叔照顾。我买了一些香蕉苹果，但姜叔无论如何也不要，推了几次，硬是让我带走，说不要再坚持了，会影响他老婆的休息。西安老兵寄来的是压缩饼干之类的，包裹不大，但重量不轻；重庆寄来的是一些袋装肉干，包裹很大，但并不怎么重。拿着两个包裹，我也不知该怎么办。我的包已经超重，现在又多了至少十斤重的东西，我背着能走多远？而且，我的包质量不好，现在背着包动作稍微大一点，比如下一个稍大一点的台阶，就能听到线绷断的声音。我不知道哪里的线绷了，外面看不到。如果再把这些东西放进去，不知包还能不能承受。回到天全，把水果请天全中学的保安吃了，然后丢掉了一些东西，包括一瓶洗发水。身上穿的裤子补一下还能穿，但为了减轻重量，也只得扔掉，换了包里装的一条新裤子。遗憾的是这一段很多照片都没有恢复，比如天全中学外景，比如我搭帐篷的那栋废弃楼房等。在318国道靠近桥边的路下面，在公路上看以为是一栋平房，其实是一栋三层的楼房，已经废弃。今天开销：早餐10元+馒头1.5元+来回车费38元+水果16元+晚餐面条6元在始阳镇遇到的一个入藏的藏族司机。人很热情，普通话不很好，他说他经常开车入藏，愿意搭载我一程。但向他请教入藏要注意啥，他说他也不知道。挺不好理解的。这个留言挺有意思的。路上不管是徒步还是骑行，都很辛苦，难怪要叫驴友：）沿路看到的小瀑布宿营地。每次只能贴三张照片，浏览起来速度可能快点，但更新贴子就麻烦了2012年6月16日周六阴转雨尽管扔掉了一些动东西，但包仍是沉了不少，背在身上就立马感觉得到。以前是每走一公里左右休息，现在是走500米甚至不到500米就要休息。好在路边有护栏，尽管不能坐，但能搁包。今天的路况一般，货车卡车之类的还是多。这一段318国道是沿着河修的，河水并不深，但河里怪石不少，因此水的响声较大。河水一段清澈一段浑浊，到脚基坪附件就变成了黑水河。周边山峦起伏，山上升起的水蒸气很多，形成迷雾，又上升为云，然后再降雨。因此一路时有小雨，路面一段干一段湿。到下午5点多多，雨就开始下过不停。因为东西增多，早晨未能把包打好打紧，外挂增多，睡袋也没能固牢，走到后面全松了。买包时送的防雨罩太小，我80L的包，估计这个防雨罩也就50L的吧，只能罩住登山包中间外挂部分，而且防雨效果也不好，到晚上一看，里面全湿了。绑在登山包底部的防潮垫里面也灌进了不少水，这雨还真是烦人啊。我不喜欢雨披，一方面是雨披的防雨效果并不好，雨下得大的话或者时间久了，里面照样湿透；另一方面是太闷，披着雨披，即使不下雨也会全身汗湿。这一下雨，我就打伞，只是走得累些。晚上9点多到紫石，天已全黑。路边一些平房，偶有楼层，没有路灯。我甚至怀疑这只是沿途的一个村庄。但前面除了来往车辆的车灯，看不到因城镇灯光而照亮的天空。路边一家小店还开着门，一打听，确认已到紫石镇。饭店都已关门，就在这里买了一包方便面。店老板家里还剩半碗米饭，我又多出了一元钱，买了她家这半碗米饭，泡在一起吃了。小店往回走几十米的路边有一个车棚，不大，里面停了一辆摩托。我把摩托移动了一下，腾出一块能搭帐篷的干地，搭帐篷休息。后来才知道，这个车棚是乡政府的。一直没去麻烦过政府部门，不期今晚住到了乡政府的车棚里。今天开销：早餐8元+晚餐6元早晨把这些东西扔了看到禁门关桥，脑子里竟然想到了紫禁城，有些莫名其妙山上迷雾，导致阴雨多多这个照片走川藏线的都很熟悉一群高中毕业生，高考完后骑行煅练宿营地2012年6月17日周日雨转阴间多云不知是海拔上升了，昼夜温差大的缘故，还是昨晚确实降温了，撤尿时热气腾腾的，呵气时都能看到热气。昨天走得有点累，钻进帐篷时已过凌晨，日记都来不及写，立马就睡着了。不知什么时候被冻醒，赶紧把睡袋盖上。睡袋被淋湿了，正好用体温烘干。事实上，早晨醒来时，睡袋已经干得差不多了。把昨天的日记补写完，然后去吃早饭。山野农家苑条件相对不错，但饭菜不便宜，炒菜最少不低于18元，面是10元一碗。我知道越往西价格会越贵，但现在应该还可以找到便宜的。骑游驿站是一个农家，馒头比鸭蛋大点，一元钱一个，问是只剩两个了，吃不饱。好在老板人还好，推荐我去紫石家园、青年旅社等地。在紫石家园，把仅剩的三个相对较大的馒头买了备用，又请老板炒了一个白菜，老板到外面借了一碗米饭给我炒热。一碗米饭肯定是不够的，里面还有稀饭，老板说不要钱，便又喝了一碗稀饭。最后结帐，老板要了15元。当时说炒白菜8元，馒头一元一个的，但看在老板人还和气，至少表面给人温暖的感觉，我也没有多讲一句。现在开始每天遇到的骑行川藏线的人越来越多，有高考完后骑车玩的，有利用大学假期骑行西藏的，还有辞职入藏的。以前都是一个人背着包在路上走，很多人看了还觉得很奇怪；现在尽管仍是一个人在走，但至少看到这么多驴友，而且不再是怪异的眼光来看待我的行走，挺开心的。晚上7点多到水獭坪。在过水獭坪桥后的一家私人饭店吃饭，饭菜不便宜，青椒炒肉20元一份。在湖南贵州时我给自己定的一餐不超过10元，到四川后给自己定的不超过15元。我得控制自己，让自己坚持下来，否则一遇上困难就会打退堂鼓。因此，我请老板娘份量炒少点，来个15元的。我和老板娘闲聊，说这里的饭菜比北京还要贵，老板娘说我吹牛，说北京一碗面都要20元，随便一份菜都要好几十元。我不知道她是在吹牛还是在吓唬人，或者是听其他游客说的，误导了她。北京的星级饭店，甚至好点的饭店确实不便宜，但更多的普通小饭店价格很便宜。北京人多，不都是百万亿万富翁，也有来自全国各地不同层次的打工人群，普通饭店十元一份的盖浇饭很不错了。我在北京工作了十年，刚从北京出来徒步，对这些还是熟悉的。饭后询问附近哪里有搭帐篷的地方。也许是我花钱不大方，显得小家子气，或者是担心我住在她们家，反正老板娘很不耐烦，说没有，也不知道。我笑了笑，自己出来找。走了几个月了，只要不下雨，随便一块稍平整的地就可以搭帐篷。但这一段时间雨水多，最好还是找一个雨淋不到的地方。问了附近的老百姓，他们都要钱，哪怕是在他们的屋檐下搭帐篷都要钱。听老百姓说前面有一个坝上，可以搭帐篷，于是便往前找。一个好心地司机载我往前，说可以把我直接载到康定。我忙请他停了车，说我只是往前找坝上搭帐篷，我的背包行李都还在后面。下车后往回走了一段，终于找到了他们口中的坝上，但那里是一个饭店，说了一阵，他们才同意我在那里搭帐篷。今天开销：早餐15元+晚餐15元开始爬坡了，留言蛋痛的哥越来越多了：）对面应该是庙，只是不知高僧们是否还走过此桥这桥走上去有点晃老虎嘴隧洞快到水獭坪的路况今天遇到的驴友们今天遇到好几批骑行的驴友宿营地2012年6月18日周一阴转雨昨天晚上醒来两次，不知什么原因，可能是这几晚天天晚上醒来了，养成习惯了吧。晚上气温有点低，好在睡袋还厚实，挺暖和的。饭店老板和老板的儿子都挺好说话，早晨还和我随意聊天，但老板娘对我似乎很有意见，好像我欠她多少钱一样，板着面孔。我说要吃面，她说你走吧，一碗面能有几个钱。看来她以为我是因为晚上在她那里搭帐篷为示感谢才吃面的。我告诉她我必须吃点早餐，否则没力气走路。她便冷着脸给我下了碗面，但面的份量还是挺足的。也许她就这性格吧，我说谢谢她也不理不睬，拿着锄头下地干活去了。只是在最后我走时向她打招呼说谢谢时，远处锄地的她抬头看着我，似乎有点笑意。今天的路况还不错，但爬坡路段居多。负重一增加，爬坡就更累，下午一点多才到新沟，在第一家饭店吃饭休息。这家饭店满屋的墙壁上都写满了驴友们的留言，只是菜不便宜，青椒炒肉要18元一份。我问能不能要一个15元的份量少点的，老板娘就建议我吃鸡汤饭，另送一小碟泡菜。鸡汤不错，挺鲜的。难怪墙上有人留言：“听说这里泡菜不错，特意来吃泡菜。”说实话，这家的泡菜确实不错，或许是因为鸡汤太单，泡菜更起味吧。吃了饭休息一阵，给水杯加满水，然后背包前行，看到前面路边一个背着登山包的小伙，赶紧与他打招呼。还真是一个徒步的驴友，陕西榆林人，高辉。他还有几个朋友，要7月中旬动身，他准备在新沟或康定一家饭店当义工，同时等他的朋友们。我建议同行一段，小伙挺爽快的，很快就同行了。他的包轻，加上他等于刚开始走，所以走得轻快。我跟着他的节奏走的话很累，腿容易受伤。估计跟不上他的节奏，同行时间不会太久。下午5点不到，天又下起了雨。我们在路边一个村民家里躲雨。房东父子都挺好，说天晚了，不用前行，他们家有床，不收钱的。先前的雨不小，路面全湿了，而他们又说前面没有房子了，既然如此，天也不早了，就在此休息一晚，养足精神，明天爬二郎山。这家人真的不错，晚上还邀我们吃饭，我们也把我们带的东西拿出来分享，我的牛肉干，小高的饼子等。谢谢，吴国君！今天开销：早餐面条6元+中餐14元+桃子3元新沟饭店的照片只恢复了这一张，不知是不是这一家这帅哥好像叫飞鸟，骑着死飞青进川出，够牛的了。边上是高辉著名的波尔川藏线海拔图。我之前不知道还有攻略之类的，见到高辉准备的这张海拔图，赶紧拍了一张高辉与吴先生一家合影2012年6月19日周二晴转阴　　早晨起来，小高发现他的手机充电器忘在天全县的旅馆里，便坐车回去取充电器去了。辞谢了吴先生一家后，我一个人背着包不急不慢地朝前走。晚上山里的温度有点低，早晨太阳出来后，不少小动物爬到公路上晒太阳。我经过时，常常惊吓起一些四脚蛇（像蜥蜴）从路边匆匆爬到草丛里。还有一些山蛇过份沉醉于太阳的温暖，被来往的大车压成了肉泥。　　二郎山隧道海拔2170米，听说从二郎山脚下到隧道口有十公里的盘山道。这个我倒是不怕，十公里的盘山道我已经走过几次了，像贵州印江的德旺，那里就是典型的盘山路，在一座山的同一边，一盘就是十公里。当时爬山并不觉得累，可能是气温不高，海拔起点也没这么高吧，但今天爬起来感觉有点累。走走停停，大约下午三点左右才到隧道口。小高直接搭便车先我十多分钟到达了隧道口。我说他二郎山一步都没走，是个遗憾，他说以后爬山的路还多着。小高的手机没充电，无法拍照，我的相机也没什么电了，我不记得是昨晚吴先生家没电还是自己忘了给相机电池允电了。小高说想在二郎山隧道口前照张相，于是我便一直没开怎么开相机，留着电，在隧道口给他照了几张。　　二郎山隧道口全长4176米，里面有鼓风机吹风，但路面、墙体上都有很多灰尘，车来车往的，全是灰。用毛巾捂着嘴鼻走出隧道，发现口里鼻子里仍是有不少灰尘。我带的红旗也沾满了灰尘。赶紧找地方洗干净，同时挥舞着红旗，这样能早点干。小高见了很兴奋，提出把红旗插他包上，让他背着走一阵。呵呵，只是他的包小了点，一搁下来红旗就垂到地面弄脏了。因此，他背了一阵后就仍插到我的包上。　　下午7点左右走到凉风顶公路养护站。前面到甘露寺还有十来公里，山上已经升起了浓雾，看着好像要下雨的样子，于是便进养护站寻找宿营地。养护站的人不错，有一个职工今天退休搬走，正好有一个空房，领导们便让我们住了进去。　　把包搁进宿舍后，下楼和楼下的工人师傅、领导们聊了阵天，然后回去睡觉。　　今天一天没有吃饭，只是吃了前天买的馒头和昨天的买的桃子。晚上吃了一些压缩饼干。小高说吃压缩饼干不能喝水，否则会肚子胀得痛。我说没这么回，我经常是这么吃的。　　今天开销：暂无小高本人小高回望二郎山隧道出口今晚投宿在凉风顶养护站，谢谢养护站里师傅们2012年6月20日周三阴转雨今天基本是下坡路，走起来比较爽。早晨动身之前，先吃了一小块干粮。凉风顶附近没有饭店，离下一个有饭店的地方有十来公里。希望这一小块压缩饼干能暂时起点作用。小高的包相对较轻，走得较快。我也相应地提高了一些速度，但仍基本控制着自己的速度和节奏，确保腿不会受伤。刚开始徒步时，不知道自己能走多快，只是一个劲地往前走，结果脚起了几个泡。后来慢慢地知道自己的体能，走多快合适。因此，徒步的话，测出自己的行走速度后，尽量不要超过这个速度，那样腿脚容易受伤。快中午12点时走到甘谷地，路边有一个类似大排当的饭店。明显店老板看我们是外地人，喊出了不同的价。我笑着说你们就是欺负外地人吧。他们当然不承认。经过一番讨价还价，最后一份蒸菜15元，加饭1元，每人16元。碗很小，一次装的饭不多。我去添了5次饭后，仍感觉没饱，但也不太好意思再去添了，加上菜的分量不多，也就算了。小高说他不太习惯吃米饭，中午没吃饱。呵呵，这小伙，出门在外，还没有学会去照顾自己。饭后不久就下起了雨，但雨并不大。我的习惯是继续前行。小高的鞋不防雨，又是新穿上没多久的，有点不太想前行。最后是边走边休息，下午6点之前赶到了泸定城。我们把包搁在大渡河边的一个亭子里，然后去看泸定桥。之前打听到泸定桥对外地人收十元门票，但下午7点之后便下班了。到泸定桥门口照了两张照片后，我便去超市买充电器去了（现在记起来了，我的充电器坏了，在吴先生家没能充上电）。小高认为不远千里赶来，不能因为这10元钱而放弃。于是他便先进去了。等我从超市出来，门卫看了一阵便让我进去了。泸定桥上铁索依旧，只是木板换成了全新的。这里说一下我对收门票的态度。我觉得铁索桥已有几百年的历史，又有特殊的历史教育意义，当地政府对此桥的修建没有任何功劳，保养也耗不了几个钱，收门票实在是败笔。桥上遇到一个藏族小伙，与家人在合影。我便向他们请教一些入藏的基本知识和日常用语。他把电话留给了我，说以后有事可以直接打他电话。尽管后来没有遇到什么麻烦事去打他的电话，但仍是非常感觉藏族小伙泽多，谢谢！从泸定桥出来，到城里吃了饭，回到河边的亭子里。有一个小伙坐在那里，说我们的胆儿真大，包就搁这里不管了，好几个小时。我的包有些重量，一般的人不会背着走。因此从来都是把包搁路边，然后去找适合搭帐篷的地方，也从来没有出过事。不过还是多谢这位小伙的提醒。他说是到泸定出差，但钱包在车上丢了。于是我们便把两个帐篷都搭好，我和小高共一个帐篷，他睡另一个帐篷。怕他晚上冷，我把我的抓绒内胆睡袋和冲锋衣给他盖了。出门在外，需要互相关照互相帮助，特别是当有人遇到困难的时候，你伸出一个手，就能给对方一份温暖。最后补充一点：大渡河的水流速度很快，水流量大，汹涌湍急，响声很大。记得小时候课文里这么讲过，果真不假。今天开销：中餐16元+晚餐15元+充电器25元在山上看大渡河，大渡河似乎很平静红色名城泸定城泸定桥藏族小伙泽多宿营地2012年6月21日周四雨转阴　　早晨起来，外面仍下着雨。那个小伙还没醒来，我们没有叫他，也没有收拾帐篷，去市里吃了早餐。小高去网吧把我相机上有关他的照片传到他的空间里，我也乘机给电池充了一下电。回去时给那个小伙带了4个肉包子，但他只吃了2个。　　收拾好帐篷行李，坐在亭子里等雨小点，然后出发。看到路上两男两女4个年轻人背包走过，于是赶上去打招呼，原来也是去拉萨的。呵呵，正好同路。他们4人中一人是刚高考完的一个小女孩，另三个是辞职入藏体验生活，其中一个也是从北京辞职过来的，叫小霍，想写小说，进藏找灵感。　　走了一段，发现我完全跟不上他们的节奏，他们的行李不多，走得快。我只得告诉他们，请他们按照他们的节奏走，小高的速度和他们差不多，也让小高和他们一起走了。雨越下越大，走走停停的，他们也没有和我拉开多大的距离，其中一个女孩脚程慢点，整个队伍的速度也慢了下来。到沙湾后，他们拦到了一辆车，两个女孩和小叶搭车走了，小高和小霍把他们的包也放车上搭走了，然后陪我走。他们建议我也把包搁车上，我希望自己能坚持下去，因此还是背着包往前走。走了一段，小高他们要帮我背包，一方面他们新走，脚其实也痛不舒服；另一方面我的包有点沉，质量也不太好，我背着动作稍大一点就能听到线绷的声音，我怕他们背着乱动，把我的包搞坏了。于是只让小高背着走了几十米，给他拍了几张照。　　快天黑的时候，我让小高和小霍往前赶，找到搭帐篷的地方，这样我到了之后就不用再去找地方了。后来天全黑了，我还在不急不慢地走着。他们打了几次电话，确认我到了哪里，最后小霍和另一个女孩带着手电来接我，很是感动。谢谢你们，帅哥美女们！　　晚上在瓦斯沟的一个农产品展厅前的阶基上搭帐篷休息。一共6个人，4个帐篷。两个女孩共一个帐篷，小高和小叶共一个帐篷，我和小霍各一个。他们的装备不全，防潮垫也没带。考虑到地面太凉，对女孩身体不好，我和小高把各自的防潮垫给了两个孩子用了。搭好帐篷后，我们拿出各自备的东西，一起小聚了一下，聊了会，然后就钻进帐篷休息。　　今天还有一件事比较有意思，就是出泸定隧道前行几公里，有一个新启用的隧道。走出这个隧道不远，后面一个警察追了上来，问我情况，然后和我合影，并建议我入藏要小心野狗，说西藏那边野狗多，而且很凶，最好备点东西防身。后来发现，川藏路上野狗确实多，也有凶的，不过对我没造成威胁。但后来我也确实遵照王警官的建议，备了一些防身的东西。今天开销：早餐豆花饭6元站在大渡河边上，大渡河声势吓人，但照片怎么也拍不出那种效果。今天又拍了几张，但技术不行，加上天气不好，拍出的大渡河仍显得很平静山湾里的泸定城山腰上飘着一层层的云雾带，对于我这个在平原地区长大的人来讲，感觉真的很不错，只可惜下着雨([

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（202 253 301 356 384 421楼加小视频）故事的开始应该从去年底和一对小夫妻去云南说起。三人到丽江后在当地报团，梅里四日行。此行交了很多新朋友，尤其是艾米和咋呼哥（这个外号我起的）很幸运的遇到他们俩，因为他们，我才第一次意识到，原来旅行可以一个人。因为我是多出来的单女，所以需要和其他团员拼屋。艾米---之后四天的室友。喜欢一个人有时候只是感觉，我和艾米很投缘。非要说原因的话，那就是她和我表姐感觉很像。在香格里拉的酒吧，在艾米和领队的谈话中，我第一次听到了雨崩。在我还没搞清楚雨崩到底是什么的情况下，已经和艾米相约，转年的六月底或七月初一起去雨崩。从云南回来，上网搜索，被那些有着耸动的帖子吸引，坚定了去雨崩的信念。登山鞋、登山杖、速干衣裤、背包、帽子、墨镜、雨衣.......对于我这个准备当初级驴友的人来说，需要装备的东西太多。接下来的几个月，我高兴的在网上买着。很多时候，理想和现实是不一样的。四月底，艾米告诉我，因为工作的一些原因，假期可能没有了，所以雨崩应该暂时无法去了。说好一起的，那就要一起啊！我是这么想的。既然这样，我就把下一个目的地提前--西藏（我答应过自己一定要去的地方）而雨崩--就这么成了旅行的备选线路。预定假期12天，在我生日前返回。这次的旅行，将是我送给自己奔三的礼物。买书、查路线、看相关信息，在我信心满满的时候，车票，这个我以为不是问的问出现了。假期已定，所以从出发日往回倒10天，我就必须买到车票。第一时间，票没刷出来。之后找了售票点的人，人家说车票都在旅行团手里。打电话到旅行社咨询，证实的售票点人员的说法。还是不死心，决定出发日前一天晚上刷票，如果11点前刷不出来，那就真的没戏了。6月5日，我从晚上8点多就守着电脑，隔几分钟刷新一遍网页，随着时间的推移，希望越来越渺茫。这时看到之前去梅里认识的领队在线，就和他抱怨起来。他说可以来雨崩，他正好带这条线。11点，没票。决定去雨崩。问他什么时候出发，他说9号。如果我要来的话，必须8号到丽江。我回答他"OK！"（后来才知道，他当时以为我是开玩笑的。）确定好目的地后，我开始计算行程和来回的日期，因为之前准备过，所以定行程并不困难。6月6日凌晨2点多，我网上买好了天津到昆明往返的机票。早上7点多，订好了丽江的客栈。下午3点去火车站买了昆明到丽江的车票。 6月6日晚上，在我定好一切后，通知了父母，明天的飞机。之前他们到是知道我要去西藏旅游，但具体细节不清楚。老爸很淡定，询问了一些细节，知道我都安排好后，只提醒我，女生单独出门，一定要注意安全。老妈很不淡定，睁着大眼看着我。她只关心一件事：我要一个人出门旅行。之前也和朋友去外地旅游过，但自己单独远行，这是第一次。别看我年纪不小，以前自己单独去外地，最远就北京。但现在我什么都订好了，她也无可奈何。我在她一晚上的白眼中，收拾着行李，她时不时的在我耳边叨叨，这么大事也不和我们商量一下。我承认这次旅行很突然，朋友们看到微博都很吃惊。有人问我怎么不等等她，过几个月一起旅行多好啊。可我不想等，等来等去，我也许哪里都去不了了。奔三了，做些自己从来没做过的事。既然别人可以一个人旅行，那我也可以！6月7日凌晨，行李收拾完毕。睡觉！CA1401天津---昆明 1545--1910老爸送我去机场。在路上他问我，晚上几点的火车。我说：“10点28，中间有三个小时的时间，除去进出机场火车站，还有2个小时，可以附近转转买点吃的。”“飞机晚点怎么办？”老爸突然冒出一句。“额......周围有大巴，也可以到丽江。”“晚上做大巴危险，你最好白天坐。”“那我晚上在那边也没事啊，你别乌鸦嘴，给我念点好行不行啊。”“我只是提醒你，各种可能会发生的事。”“我知道，所以我查了，周围有大巴。赶不上火车，就坐大巴。”下午两点多，我前脚刚踏进机场大厅，就收到航班晚点的短信。晕，我还哪都没去了，不会就这么不顺吧。飞机预计晚点一个小时，在询问了两个工作人员后，信息得到确认，算算时间，应该还来得及。托运完行李，过了安检，在候机大厅只能干等着了，好在机场有WIFI，刷刷微博打发一下时间。 6月7日1640飞机准备起飞从决定去云南到飞机起飞共计42个小时。出发的时候，天津阴天。云层上面却是另一番景象。这次的旅行,跟第一天飞机起飞后的天空一样。云层上面晴空万里，却在飞到云南境内乌云密布。飞机飞进云层、周围电闪雷鸣，除了黑压压的云雾什么也看不到,飞机不停的颠簸。但最后,飞机还是破空而出，云层外面豁然开朗。大约晚上8点左右，飞机开始广播，因为有气流的关系，没听清广播里说的什么。但隐约听到英文的840。这时前座的乘客拦下路过的空姐，询问到港时间。“940”空姐和蔼可亲的说。940！940!!!!!! 我当时汗都下来了。我1028的火车，还要等托运的行李，完了，完了，铁定赶不上火车。老爸的话看来要成真了。我是找旅店休息一晚，白天再坐大巴，还是直接坐大巴走呢？我心里盘算着。“不对啊，不是飞三个多小时吗？怎么9点多到呢？”另一个乘客问。“哦，840，我说错了，不好意思。”空姐温柔的说。呼.........我长出一口气。出机场打车到火车站也就十几分钟，如果时间不够就上车再找吃的。845飞机降落昆明机场在传送带边焦急的等着行李，没等太久就看到我的大包，我背上背包就往外走。因为之前来过一次，所以直奔打车的地方排队。上车后司机主动和我聊天，也许因为第一次自己出来旅游，我兴奋的和他聊着。司机师傅人不错，在知道我是一个人后，好心的提醒我，要注意安全。如果有人拉生意，就说自己在等当地的朋友。在火车站附近的小摊买东西，一定要先谈好价钱，尽量使用零钱。如果没有零钱，注意找回来的钱，别有假币。遇到什么事，打电话报警，110很快就来，别忘了昆明的区号0871。看看表，时间还够，询问司机火车站周围哪家米线不错。司机推荐老滇，并开车到那里。我一只脚刚踏出车门，餐厅的卷帘门“唰”的就拉下来。额.........人家关门啦！好在司机并没有丢下我立刻走人，给我指明了去火车站的路。其实不远，只要我走到路口，就能看到车站，大概3个红绿灯的距离。步行10分钟，到达昆明站广场。火车站楼下到是有几家餐厅。建新园，这地方查资料时有看过，晚饭就这了。点了一碗过桥米线，开心的吃了起来。可说实话，真的不咋地，米线汤除了重重的胡椒粉味道，其他真喝不出来。失望，吃了几口就吃不下了。进站时查的还挺严，要扫描身份证核对信息，并在车票上盖章。坐上火车，终于踏实了！给老爹老娘发信息报平安，一切顺利！车开动，刷微博汇报情况，对朋友们关心的留言一一回复。折腾一天，我也累了，虽然眼皮打架，但睡不着。闭着眼想着自己一个人从天津到了2200公里外的昆明，明天一早就到丽江了。兴奋，激动！淡定，淡定........我对自己说。明天还有一天的行程，现在需要睡觉！好吧，什么也别想了！晚安，昆明没有太好的文笔，只是一篇流水账。没有单反，只是一台家用机，记录点滴。更新小慢，各位看官不要着急！6月8日早上6点多就醒了，第一件事就是看手机刷微博。（表姐说了，随时关注我的微薄，超过一天不更新，她就报警。）手机没信号！！NO！！！！是不是机子坏了？一个人在外，手机没法用那就惨了。关机、拆卡、装卡、重启...........反复几遍后，一种不安全感向我袭来。确定还是没信号后，我拿着手机放空！！“怎么要过这么多隧道啊，我手机都没信号了。”一个来自东北的大爷对他老伴说着。我突然被点醒，这才回神看向窗外，果然一直在过隧道。在窗外的风景连续的出现后，拿起手机，呼~~~~~有信号。0648拍照，发微博。新浪微博定位：云南省大理白族自治州鹤庆县 221省道车上的乘客陆陆续续的起床。睡在我上面中上铺的是刚才对话的东北夫妇，睡在我对面中上铺的两个女生来自广东。五个人开始聊天。东北的老夫妇退休后，除了有时给女儿看孩子，其他没事的时候俩人就到处旅游。他们喜欢爬山、徒步，瞄了一眼俩人的装备，貌似专业驴友！！从对话中我发现，上网查资料做功课的，应该是那位阿姨。夫妇俩打算先在丽江待一周，周边都游过之后再研究接下来去哪。看着他们，感觉真好，心想，如果找老公，一定要找一个能带着我到处旅游的。广东的那对女生，是利用假期来的，时间很短，今天到丽江明天就得走。我推荐她们可以到古城后找个旅行社，来个一日游什么的。730在我们的闲聊中，火车进站，挥手和他们告别。出站后，买了15号晚上返回昆明的火车票。车站广场直行，有公交。右手边的空地有几个人合租的小面包车，再往前是出租车停靠的位置。前胸后背各一个背包，实在不想挤公交，决定奢侈一下，打车走。打车到丽江古镇（大研古镇），大概十几二十分钟，30元。（貌似贵了，我记得上次好像不到20）司机说我这个时间段来不错，在过些日子游客就要多了。古城广场下车，虽然之前来过一次，但一时间还是有点找不着北。环顾一周，啊~~~~~~开封菜（KFC）哈哈哈哈，我知道怎么走了！！！！6月8日 0822早安丽江，我回来了！！！这是之前看丽江的城市宣传片时，片尾的一句话。看后老有感觉了，我告诉自己，如果再到丽江，我一定要对它说：“早安丽江，我回来了！”我是念旧的人，早饭点了去年第一天到丽江时吃的红油抄手。给早餐拍了一张照，上传朋友看后立刻回复，说猜到我会吃这个。去年花30还是40来着，在这里挂了一对许愿牌，拍个照，不知道我的牌子还在不在。可仔细看过之后，发现和去年的数量差不多。小道消息说，这个是要定期要取下来一部分的。我去！早知道不花钱挂了。来之前艾米推荐了高客，但我最后还是订了假期。理由很简单，我是路痴。假期客栈在四方街附近，从地图上看，在一条大直线上，应该比较好找。9点多，顺利找到客栈。客栈阿姨人挺热情的，但住宿条件一般，没差啦，有地方住一晚就好。整理了行李，洗漱一番，拿着相机和地图出门。在古城漫无目的的逛着。“天雨流芳”好好听的名字。我属狗，所以喜欢狗。看到有狗，就走过去逗它。别看它个头不小，但哼哼起来，像小女生在撒娇。旁边护院的两只狼狗，全都睡着了。楼上传来年轻男女们的歌声，藏文的，没听过。歌声很动听，于是我在路边坐下。听着歌，逗着狗，刷着微博。我现在的状态，应该就是书里所说的“丽江慢生活”吧。听了4、5首歌后，在一曲《青藏高原》中起身离开。如果他们继续唱我没听过的歌，我想我应该会坐的更久。给自己来张自拍，别问我这是哪，我真心的表示我不知道。不知道自己走到了哪里，只是周围的人越来越少，直到发现周围一个人都没有，只有自己。心里有点小害怕，努力寻找周围明显的建筑物，与手里的地图对照着。自拍一张，通过微博告诉大家，我不负众望的迷路了！路痴生存的方式：找人多的路走。终于走到一条热闹的街道，往左看，官门口！我刚才是拐进去的啊，现在怎么站在门口？哎，不管了，好歹现在知道怎么走了。看看时间，该吃午饭了。前行不远就是小吃一条街。我被老板娘的吆喝吸引“云南十八怪，豆腐包着豆浆卖”花10元买了一份煎豆腐,一瓶牦牛酸奶回客栈。回到客栈看到阿姨做了一桌子菜，房客们围坐着吃饭。嘿..........早知道就回来吃了。阿姨好心的招呼我过来一起坐，可吃的都买了，总不能浪费吧。谢过阿姨的好意，坐在旁边的小桌吃着。席间大家互相讨论各自的行程，虽然不知道彼此的名字，但话语间就像多年的老朋友。和陌生人谈笑风生，却如此自在，这感觉真奇怪。上次来，没去到黑龙潭，所以下午准备去那里。路过广场，看到一群大爷大妈边唱边跳，询问之下才知道这叫纳西打跳。坐在路边的长凳上，边欣赏边照相。衣服很特别，披星戴月？应该是这么说的吧。人与人的缘分有时真的很有趣。旅行回来后，看到大哥的相册里也有这组照片。询问是不是8号下午130左右拍的，大哥查了图片的属性，结果时间一致。而且大哥竟然在唯一保留的视频中看到了我身影。可惜我的照片，没照到大哥和小欧。([]

桃色影视院在线观看

黄添圣

走进世博会——中国2010年上海世博会介绍（世博系列之一）目录前言一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主 3、以往部分世博会简介二、中国与世界博览会 1、中国与世博会的渊源 2、中国参加世博会的获奖产品 3、新中国参加过的历届世博会 4、中国以往举办的世园会三、2010年世界博览会（Expo 2010）总体介绍 1、上海世博会申办的过程 2、世博会主 3、会徽 4、吉祥物 5、确认参展的国家和组织 6、上海世博会场地 7、上海世博会园区规划 8、2010年上海世博会门票 9、上海世博会世博轴 10、上海世博会世博公园 11、上海世博会演艺中心 12、上海世博会世博中心 13、上海世博会世博论坛 14、上海世博会网上世博会 15、上海世博会文化演艺活动 16、上海世博会世博村四、参展展馆 1、上海世博会主馆 2、上海世博会中国国家馆 3、亚洲馆 4、欧洲馆 5、美洲馆 6、非洲馆 7、大洋洲馆 8、其他国际组织馆 9、企业馆 10、上海世博会城市最佳实践区1# 老顽童thtsjy 前言 2010年是世博年，我们作为本届世博会举办地——上海的市民，愿为世博会尽绵薄之力。为此，我们综合了参观《走进世博会——中国2010年世博会暨世博会历史回顾展览》（在上海展览馆举办）、探访“中国2010年上海世博会展示中心”（位于淮海中路香港新世界大厦三楼）以及收集的有关世博会资料，整理成庚寅年第一帖，奉献给诸位参考。鉴于我们自身文字和拍照水平的局限、收集资料渠道的受限、整理功力的有限，本帖存在诸多不足，恳请各位指教，深表感谢！ 16# zj522522 感谢以上各位支持，祝你们虎年吉祥！ 17# 老顽童thtsjy 一、世界博览会历史 1、世界博览会的由来在古代农耕社会，人们往往在庆贺丰收、宗教仪式、欢度喜庆的节日里展开交易活动，后来逐渐发展成为定期的、有固定场所的、以物品交换为目的的大型贸易及展示的集会。这就是世博会的最早形式。公元5世纪，波斯举办了第一个超越集市功能的展览会。 18世纪，随着新技术和新产品的不断出现，人们逐渐想到举办与集市相似，但只展不卖，以宣传、展出新产品和成果为目的的展览会。1791年捷克在首都布拉格首次举办了这样的展览会。随着科学技术的进步，社会生产力的发展，展览会的规模也逐步扩大，参展的地域范围从一地扩大到全国，由国内延伸到国外，直至发展成为由许多国家参与的世界性博览会。 26# 老顽童thtsjy 2、历届世博会主办城市、名称和主1851年英国伦敦万国工业产品大博览会1853年美国纽约万国工业产品博览会1855年法国巴黎世界工农业和艺术博览会1862年英国伦敦国际工业和艺术博览会1865年爱尔兰都柏林世界博览会1867年法国巴黎第2届巴黎世界博览会1873年奥地利维也纳世界博览会1876年美国费城美国独立百年展览会1878年法国巴黎第3届巴黎世界博览会1880年澳大利亚墨尔本世界博览会1883年荷兰阿姆斯特丹国际博览会1889年法国巴黎第4届巴黎世界博览会1893年美国芝加哥哥伦布纪念博览会1897年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1900年法国巴黎第5届巴黎世界博览会1904年美国纪念路易斯安娜购置一百周年博览会1905年比利时列日世界博览会1906年意大利米兰世界博览会1908年英国伦敦世界博览会1910年比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会1913年比利时甘特世界博览会1915年美国旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会1925年法国巴黎国际装饰美术博览会1926年美国费城建国150周年世界博览会1929年西班牙巴塞罗那世界博览会1933年美国芝加哥世界博览会——“一个世纪的进步”1935年比利时布鲁塞尔万国博览会——“通过竞争获取和平”1936年瑞典斯德哥尔摩世界博览会1937年法国巴黎现代生活艺术世界博览会——“现代世界的艺术和技术”1938年芬兰赫尔辛基航空世界博览会1939年比利时国际水资源博览会1939-1940年美国纽约世界博览会——“明日新世界”1939-1940年美国旧金山金门世界博览会1949年瑞典国际体育博览会1949年海地王子港世界博览会1953年以色列耶路撒冷世界博览会1954年意大利航海世界博览会1955年瑞典世界生活艺术博览会1955年意大利都灵国际体育博览会1956年以色列柑橘栽培展览会1957年德国柏林世界博览会1958比利时布鲁塞尔世界博览会——“科学、文明和人性”1961年意大利都灵世界博览会1962年美国西雅图廿一世纪博览——“太空时代的人类”1964-1965年美国纽约世界博览会——“通过理解走向和平”1965年德国慕尼黑交通运输世界博览会1967年加拿大蒙持利尔世界博览会——“人类与世界”1968年美国圣安东尼奥世界博览会——“美洲大陆的文化交流”1970年日本大阪日本世界博览会——“人类的进步与和谐”1971年匈牙利布达佩斯世界狩猎博览会1974年美国斯波坎环境世界博览会——“无污染的进步”1975年日本冲绳国际海洋博览会——“海洋-充满希望的未来”1981年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1982年美国诺克斯维世界能源博览会——“能源-世界的原动力”1984年美国新奥尔良路易西安纳世界博览会——“河流的世界-水乃生命之源”1985年日本筑波万国博览会——“居住与环境人类的家居科技”1985年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1986年加拿大温哥华世界交通与通讯博览会——“交通与运输”1988年澳大利亚布里斯班世界博览会——“科技时代的休闲生活”1990年日本大阪世界博览会——“人类与自然”1991年保加利亚普罗夫迪夫世界博览会1992年西班牙塞维利亚世界博览会——“发现的时代”1992年意大利热那亚世界博览会——“哥伦布-船与海”1993年韩国大田世界博览会——“新的起飞之路”1998年葡萄牙里斯本海洋博览会——“海洋——未来的财富”1999年中国昆明世界博览会——“人与自然，迈向二十一世纪”2000年德国汉诺威世界博览会——“人类-自然-科技-发展”2005年日本爱知爱．地球博——“自然、城市、和谐——生活的艺术”2008年西班牙萨拉戈萨世界博览会2010年中国上海世界博览会——“城市,让生活更美好”2012年韩国丽水世界博览会2015年意大利米兰世界博览会 29# 老顽童thtsjy 3、历届部分世博会简介水晶宫的魅力——1851年英国伦敦第一届世界博览会纪实全世界第一场世界博览会——1851年万国工业博览会在英国首都伦敦的海德公园举行，展期是1851年5月1日至10月11日，主要内容是世界文化与工业科技，借此博览会英国在当时展现了工业革命后技冠群雄、傲视全球的辉煌成果。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了首届世博会 19世纪前半叶，欧洲工业革命正如火如荼地进行，科学技术的飞速发展，使人类生活发生了巨大的变化。在英国，自维多利亚女王登基后，当时的英国在世界工业中一马当先。同时资本的高速聚集和运作，英国也成为当时欧洲金融的中心。这些因素触发了英国将在世界舞台上演绎主角的欲望。此前，欧洲各国举办工业博览会已不是新鲜事，特别是英国、法国在工业革命的推动下，都举办了多届有影响的工业产品博览会，以此来推广本国的工业生产技术和宣传新产品。频频举办工业博览会使英国萌发了举办一次世界各国参与的博览会。成立于1754年的英国皇家艺术协会历来承担国家展览会的组织工作，担任皇家艺术协会主席的阿尔伯特亲王具有一种与传统理念所不同的开明思想和创新精神。1849年，艺术协会开始酝酿筹划规模更大的博览会时，阿尔伯特提出“博览会必须是国际性的、展品要有外国产品参加”的设想，要求能在伦敦海德公园中找到最好的展览场地，以举办一届规模宏大的世界博览会。 “天时、地利、人和”催发了第一届世博会在英国诞生。确立规则，女王广邀宾客 1849年6月30日，一次历史性的会议在白金汉宫召开，参加者有皇家艺术协会成员、全国博览会组委会成员、建筑公司成员和阿尔伯特亲王。会议作出了7项重要决定：1、世博会展品分为四个大类：原材料、机械、工业制品和雕塑作品；2、将建一幢特别临时建筑作为世博会展厅；3、举办场地选在海德公园南侧；4、博览会将是国际性的，由国家发出参展邀请；5、组委会将提供大量奖金以鼓励参展者；6、将成立一个皇家委员会来主办世博会；7、世博会财政集资由艺术家协会负责。会议之后，组委会立即起草并提交给政府关于成立世博会皇家委员会的申请。组委会成员到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的65个城镇和法国等一些欧洲国家进行了游说，动员参展。 1849年10月17日，组委会举行了一次大规模的公共会议，向伦敦市最有影响力的商人和银行家描述了世博会的整个计划。艺术协会的项目融资也有了进展，25万英镑的保证金解决了财务问。很快，议会两院也以多数票同意在海德公园内举行博览会。 1850年1月3日，世博会皇家委员会成立。随后，维多利亚女王便以国家名义向世界各国发出世博会参展邀请。 31# 老顽童thtsjy 一个方案拯救了首届世博会世博会的筹备工作开局颇为顺利，但是困难却是接踵而来。一是时间紧，距世博会开幕仅有一年半，具体工作尚未启动；二是集资困难，运作资金尚有很大缺口；三是社会上有大量意见反对使用海德公园举办世博会，因为建造展馆将会破坏树林和环境。但最大的麻烦是世博会展馆的设计与建造问。 1849年底成立的世博会建筑委员会立即向各国发出展馆设计的邀请。尽管方案征集仅有三个星期，但委员会仍收到245个方案，却没有一个获胜者。因为所有方案都是古典、永久性的建筑形式。这不仅使阿尔伯特等陷入困境，甚至有导致世博会流产的危险。正在皇家委员会一筹莫展时，一个不经意的方案不仅成功地挽救了世博会，更是成为人类历史上的里程碑作品，甚至建筑物作品的本身成为了第一届世博会最成功的展品。这便是园艺工约瑟夫·帕克斯顿和他的创作“水晶宫”。意外发现睡莲化作“水晶宫” 1837年，一位英国探险家在圭亚那发现美丽的王莲，便采集种子带回英国交给查丝华斯庄园首席园艺师约瑟夫·帕克斯顿(Joseph Paxton)种植。三个月后，王莲长出11片巨大的叶子和开出美丽的花朵。帕克斯顿将花以维多利亚命名王莲Victoria amazonica Sowerby（Royal Water Lily,Amazon Water-platter），并作为礼物送给了维多利亚女王。自此他与阿尔伯特亲王相识并成为挚友。王莲越长越大。有一天他把7岁的小女儿抱在其中一片叶子上观赏花朵，水上飘逸的绿叶居然轻而易举地承担起她的体重。帕克斯顿翻开叶子观察其背面，只见粗壮的径脉纵横呈环形交错，构成既美观又可以负担巨大的承重力的整体。这个发现顿时给了他灵感，一种新的建筑理念在脑中形成。不久他在为王莲建造查丝华斯温室时，用铁栏和木制拱胁为结构、玻璃为墙面，首创了新颖的温室。该建筑除了简洁明快的功能外，建筑构件可以预先制造，不同构件可以根据建筑大小需要组合装配，这样的建筑成本低廉，施工快捷。帕克斯顿听说了在海德公园建造展览场馆之事，立即毛遂自荐愿意提供他的建筑方案。帕克斯顿的设计方案在众人的关注下最终被敲定，记者Douglas Jerrold在报上将它称之为“水晶宫”，这个名称一直流传至今。1850年9月26日，水晶宫奠基。6个月不到就竣工了。整幢建筑是现代化大规模工业生产技术的结晶。 38# 老顽童thtsjy 博览盛会，创造历史水晶宫建造的同时，组委会挑选和收集各类展品的工作进展加快。博览会共有18000个参加商，提供了10万多件展品。组委会另设特别评选委员会对展品评选，评出5084奖项，其中外国人获得3045项。 1851年5月1日早上9时，水晶宫开门接纳来参加开幕式的客人。50多万人聚集在海德公园四周。11时30分，9驾皇家马车列队离开了白金汉宫前往海德公园参加世博会开幕大典，12时的钟声敲响，在“哈利路亚”乐曲声中，王室和他们的随行人员进入展览宫。水晶宫内挂满万国彩旗，参观人流摩肩接踵，各种工艺品、艺术雕塑琳琅满目、目不暇接。人们惊奇地观看来自不同国家的发明、珍奇和不同产品。参观者最感兴趣的是不同的机器发明。人们目瞪口呆地看着开槽机，钻孔机，拉线机，纺纱机，造币机，抽水机等各种机器工作，让人领悟到工业革命给世界带来的变化。当然，最受赞誉的还是水晶宫，这座原本是为世博会展品提供展示的场馆却成了第一届世博会中最成功的作品和展品。水晶宫成为世博会的志。水晶宫成就了世博会的举办，世博会的成功又为世界上第一次聚集众多国家，为了一个和平的目的交流不同文化、科技成果开创了先例。 1851年共有6039195人次参观了首届世博会。同年10月14日伦敦世博会举行了闭幕式，世博会圆满结束，并获得了186437英镑的利润。世博会结束后水晶宫移至伦敦南部的西得汉姆，并以更大的规模重新建造，1854年6月10日由维多利亚女王主持向公众开放。它作为伦敦的娱乐中心存在了82年。1936年11月30日晚上6点，中央大厅员工厕所突然着火，大火烧遍了整幢建筑。水晶宫的焚毁宣告了辉煌的维多利亚时代结束。 43# 老顽童thtsjy 1853年美国纽约世博会 1853年的世博会在美国纽约举办，主办者效仿英国也用钢铁和玻璃建造了一个大型展馆，同样称之为“水晶宫”，但规模却小得多，仅及英国的三分之一。 45# 老顽童thtsjy 46# 老顽童thtsjy 胜家缝纫机公司（Singer）是美国第一家成功的跨国公司，其主打产品——缝纫机被誉为继农用锄具发明之后的又一伟大发明，并被称为“世界上最著名的机械”。1853年纽约世博会上展出的胜家缝纫机已具备以后一百多年间的家用缝纫机的基本功能。 47# 老顽童thtsjy 48# 老顽童thtsjy 1852年，奥的斯发明了动力上升梯子的安全装置，并在1853年纽约世博会上演示其发明。现代电梯仍使用奥的斯当年的发明创造。 52# 老顽童thtsjy 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会 1865年爱尔兰都柏林世博会上，一种起源于古罗马、风行于16世纪欧洲宫廷、而为爱尔兰妇女所钟爱的蕾丝作品，以其华美典丽而令人炫目，并由此推广成为平民女子的美丽服饰。 54# 老顽童thtsjy 1867年巴黎世博会 1867年在法国巴黎举办的世博会，已经具备了现代世博会的雏形。主展馆为490X380米的巨大橄圆形建筑，中心为公园，四周为展厅，16条通道分割展区，给各参展国设计自己独立的展馆。 57# 老顽童thtsjy 蓝色的多瑙河——记1873年维也纳世博会世博会的举办与规划十九世纪中后期，通过举办世博会来提高国家地位，已被许多国家认同和追逐。1870年，奥地利政府为将首都维也纳推进到世界先进城市行列，同时也为清除1866年普奥战争失败后的笼罩在城市上空的阴霾，向世界宣布：举办1873年维也纳世界博览会，主为纪念约瑟夫一世执政25周年。世博会举办地选择在风光秀丽的多瑙河边，这条河随着几年前施特劳斯著名的圆舞曲《蓝色的多瑙河》而名声鹊起。维也纳中央公园被选作博览会会场，面积达233公倾。维也纳市政当局想利用举办世博会的时机，对旧城区建筑大举实施改造，拆去城壁，打通市中心与郊外的联系，多瑙河也在整改范围之列，涉及水道绵延半英里，拓展河道工程产生的50万立方的砂砾被用于世博会会址之用。整个工程规划由建筑师凯利·哈森那根据意大利文艺复兴时期的风格设计。由于前几届世博会的启示，维也纳世博会的组织者已开始注重建筑的功能与美观结合，强调建筑的整体魅力。设计中的宏伟庞大的主建筑群——工业宫，面积达7万平方米,工业宫建筑结构合理，长907米,宽206米。中央与园顶大厅相连,两侧留有宽25米主廊，主廊与长145米、宽15米的侧廊相交。侧廊之间有多个宽45米,长75米庭院,所有建筑均建有屋顶，观众入口装饰处建造了凯旋门和不同历史风格的大门。工业宫建筑开创了世博会历史中建造大型联体展览建筑物的先列。 60# 老顽童thtsjy 世界第八大奇观——圆顶大厅罗托纳达维也纳世博会上建筑亮点是由斯各特·罗素设计的工业宫中央圆顶大厅罗托纳达。罗素曾担任1851年伦敦世博会参展委员会的秘书。该大厅设计显然受到了1851年世博会“官方”建筑计划书的启发，风格极其相同。罗托纳达圆形大厅，顶高83米,直径约110米,成为当时世界上最大的圆顶大厅建筑，比罗马的圣·皮耶尔大教堂的48米圆顶和伦敦的圣保罗大教堂37米圆顶确实大了许多。圆形大厅的结构也是用金属制作，建设周期仅18个月,时间之短在当时令人难以置信。建筑被称之为世界第八大奇观。圆形大厅其锥形屋顶由32根粗大的柱子支撑，圆顶之上有一个直径为28米的穹隆塔顶，再上面是一个直径为7米的小型穹隆灯塔，最高处是一个奥地利皇冠的巨大复制品，由皇冠珠宝的仿制品装饰。这个巨大的园顶建筑物引起了轰动效应，也倾倒了观众。世博会期间共有206270位参观者踏着台阶登到圆顶皇冠处，饱览维也纳城市的迷人景色并为壮观的建筑而荣耀。整个博览会除工业宫建筑群外，还有机械厅、美术馆、园艺馆等新建190多幢建筑，整个世博会把现实和艺术，现代和古老，东方和西方不同建筑元素和谐地融为一体。 64# 老顽童thtsjy 布展独特展品丰富建筑群内的中央广场呈东西走向，圆形大厅中央安放着土耳其苏丹二赠送的美丽装饰喷泉。四周由回廊环绕，陈列各国展品。维也纳世博会组织者，为了使展品分类越加合理，将展品分成26种，分类数增加到162个,其目的是“将创造发明、工业化生产与人类教育、生活品味和生活质量的发展相适应”。 16个展示厅内布局根据国家位置而设计展示体系，每个国家的展品都靠着其地理上的邻国，所以只要观赏了不同国家的展品，就可以获知基本的世界地理知识。奥地利展品中给人印象比较深的是一副刻画政治家在普法战争中形象的象牙棋子和一颗重达8吨、长50英尺放置在水银池中的巨型炮弹，使人想起1866年那场不幸的那场战争。埃及展示了世界注目的苏伊士运河工程模型。埃及政府把设计展区的任务委托给了一批德国的著名埃及史研究专家。他们在设计中将四年前刚开始动工的工程建筑与埃及风光、风情巧妙结合，把埃及的地理、历史和社会进程关系完美的展示给观众。瑞典提供了一个模范学校的教育展示，从教室的课桌设计到学生教材丛书和办学规划，让观众了解公共教育的重要性。　　维也纳世博会主办者强调发明和设计理念：科学和艺术，工业和手艺、过去和将来之间，需在美感和实用性的大前提下具有审美价值，构建完美的和谐关系。文化艺术类展品则显示了主办国-维也纳城市特有的强项。世博会中，奥地利为维也纳城市设计了专展览，展览以丰富多样的形式，详细阐述了建成于罗马时代的维也纳城市中城堡、宫殿、街道、广场和著名建筑物的历史故事。该展览最令人激动的是节日欢庆和比赛活动部分，每天的露天音乐会，由约翰.施特劳斯指挥管弦乐队演奏不同圆舞曲和圣歌，当然最受欢迎的便是“蓝色的多瑙河”，因为只有在音乐之都-维也纳，在美丽的多瑙河边，在世博会特有欢乐的氛围中聆听施特劳斯亲自演绎的“蓝色的多瑙河”，才能真正体验和感受到艺术家的真情和艺术作品的魅力所在。维也纳世博会中有两个艺术展馆展示来自世界各地的艺术珍品。法国、俄罗斯提供了众多的名家绘画作品。维也纳画家汉斯麦卡特画成的那幅长17米宽4米的巨作，尤其受人瞩目。古典艺术品中有希腊、意大利送来的大理石雕像，其中有帕台农圣庙的复制品和米洛的维纳斯雕像，据说当时维纳斯的双手还在。　　维也纳世博会于1873年5月1日开幕，11月2日闭幕，共有35个国家、4万多参展商应邀参加，仅有725万人次参观了世博会。最后财务的统计表明，世博会的总投资956万美元，但收益仅是其开支的六分之一，被认为是19世纪重大的财政失败例子之一。维也纳世博会结束后，工业宫部分建筑群成为了维也纳玉米交易所，机器厅等被专门划出用于北方铁路货物和谷物储存中心。但是工业宫建筑和著名的圆顶建筑也同许多历史上世博会建筑一样，遭遇了悲惨的命运，它被1937年的一场大火摧毁。 66# 老顽童thtsjy 1876年费城世博会 1876年的美国费城世博会是一次重要的博览会，这是一届为庆祝美国建国百年而举办的世博会。费城的费尔蒙特公园，是世界上最大的城市公园，也是1876年世博会会址。 68# 老顽童thtsjy 自由女神像是法国赠送给美国的礼物。为参加费城世博会庆典，就将已完成了的自由女神像手臂和火炬先送去。直到1886年，自由女神像才在美国纽约安装完毕。 70# 老顽童thtsjy 爱迪生是19世纪最伟大的发明家，他的许多发明都曾在早期世博会上展出。 73# 老顽童thtsjy 就在这一年，贝尔博士发明了世界第一部电话，立即送到了博览会上展出，也是在这一年，中国第一条铁路在吴淞至上海开通。 75# 老顽童thtsjy 1878年法国巴黎世博会爱迪生发明的话筒、留声机等在本届世博会上展出。 78# 老顽童thtsjy 永远的埃菲尔铁塔——1889年巴黎世博会的产物铁塔的由来 1884年11月8日,法国下院议会做出决定：1889年5月3日至11月6日，法国巴黎将举办第三届世博会。主：庆祝法国大革命胜利100周年。 1886年5月，世博会组委会组织博览会的规划设计招。中者中有设计师古斯塔夫·埃菲尔。埃菲尔建议世博会场地放在巴黎火星广场和托罗卡德罗地区，展览面积100公顷。他在规划中创意建造一座300米高的志性建筑塔。世博会的组织者们更是兴奋地建议：百年盛会中建造的志性高塔建筑，必须征集到大师们的作品，因为只有大师蕴涵的艺术天赋作品才能完美体现法国崇尚文化，独具和无可争议的优势。招的结果是收到了1000份极富创意的方案，其中花样百出。如，设计一座巨大的断头台以象征帝国的死亡。设计一座350米的金字塔，塔上雕刻有英雄雕像和浮雕以描述大革命的主要事件等等。但是，最“异想天开”的设计，还是来自年轻的设计师，古斯塔夫.埃菲尔的金属拱门塔方案。埃菲尔创意：“建造一座新颖的金属凯旋拱门来为现代科学和法国工业增光。这座拱门会给人独特的印象，也会超过历史上各种凯旋门形式。” 组委会委员、市政当局经比较和讨论，最终埃菲尔的铁塔门方案获得批准，当时新闻界大多数人也都对此方案表示欢迎。不过，所有人并没有料到，他们通过的这个方案成就了世博会历史上最激动人心的作品，也使1889年的世博会成为了经典。 80# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔设计和建造古斯塔夫-埃菲尔，1832年生于第戎，中学毕业后，他到巴黎中央大学求学。他在设计建造波尔多的杜罗河桥时，由于解决了桥梁支柱的稳定性的难而初露峰芒。很快，他又参与设计在美国纽约“自由女神”像，因内部复杂的结构而名杨四海。通过一个个大胆创新的建筑项目中，年轻的埃菲尔的才能很快得到了充分展示。埃菲尔在方案通过后，在40个助手帮助下，绘制了5300幅工程图，涉及到建筑18038个部位。 1886年11月5日，法国贸易部长批准了埃菲尔团队提交的最后方案。并提供其预算2750万法郎中五分之一的资金。埃菲尔抵押了他的公司并设法筹足剩余五分之四的资金。 1887年1月铁塔正式开工，整个工地成了一个巨大的钢铁加工厂，每段钢材都在工厂里依照严密的计算，根据图纸精确制造，然后又严格检验、编号、并按图纸进行组装。高塔建造时现场并没有什么辅助脚架,全靠精密的计算和严密的管理，一根根沉重的钢材凭借手动液压装置精确顶到位置，再由人工用一个个烧红的铆钉，挥舞着铁锥一锤一锤加以铆接固定。铁塔用去15000根钢铁材料，二百五十万个铆钉，整座塔楼在水泥混凝土加固的底座上矗立。工程在28个月工期里，始终体现着严格而科学的秩序。 82# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔引发的争议埃菲尔自设计铁塔开始，面对的不仅是创新的技术难，还有因铁塔而引发的一场社会争议。因为，他的“通天塔”不仅激发了人们浓厚的好奇心，也产生了巨大的困惑。巴黎杰出的哥特建筑学派专家认为从数学角度考虑建造铁塔是不可能的。而最大的反对意见来自于巴黎的文学艺术家们。以著名作家盖.德.莫泊桑为首的47位著名人士发起了一项反对铁塔名活动，名的备忘录提交给巴黎政府并在报纸上公开发表。反对和争议没有阻止建筑的进程，埃菲尔面对各种压力，始终沉着冷静，他认为铁塔一定会成功，他坚信建造铁塔将是完成一座人类理想的丰碑。铁塔在塞纳河边渐渐升高，反对的意见逐步减少。人们开始冷静地看待铁塔，并对它的整体进行评估：大胆独创的铁塔，新颖别致的造型，直冲天穹的力量，张扬中却又充溢着浪漫的轻盈。这一切不又体现了法兰西民族独有的创造和创新的精神吗？ 84# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔建造成功 1889年3月31日星期日，铁塔主建筑完工，埃菲尔与一些世博会高官一起登上了塔顶，并发射了21发礼炮以示庆祝。埃菲尔升起法国三色国旗并骄傲的宣告“现在，世界上只有法国国旗能飘扬在300米的高空”。艾菲尔铁塔，这个曾被嘲笑为“悲剧式的蜡烛台”，“可怕的钢材堆”“巨大的工业烟囱”为法国1889年巴黎世博会带来激情和滚滚财源。艾菲尔与巴黎政府的铁塔合约在1889年5月起开始回报，根据合同条款，20年中，铁塔收益归艾菲尔所有，铁塔就象一个金矿，这个金矿给艾菲尔带来了极大的效益。当20年后，铁塔移交给巴黎市，艾菲尔和巴黎市政府并没有料到，铁塔的收益会不断延续，在一个世纪后，铁塔仍然游人如织。 86# 老顽童thtsjy 世博会时的铁塔 1889年5月6日，随着埃菲尔铁塔上一声炮响，世博会正式开放，会期每天早晨铁塔上的炮声和晚上铁塔的灯光不仅成为世博会的景观，更是成为巴黎都市浪漫生活的组成。由于采用了电灯照明技术，这也成为第一次晚上也开放的世博会。 1889年世博会期间，登塔成为参观的主要目的和时髦，共有2百万人在会期参观了铁塔。埃菲尔铁塔有三层：第一层为57.63米，设不同的餐厅；第二层115.73米，设不同的办公室，特别是费加罗报的办公室，负责为参观者办理登塔证书；第三层276.13米，是服务区、气象台，实验室（物理，气象，生物）和艾菲尔的办公室，一般不对游人开放。埃菲尔铁塔有一部电梯，每次可容纳100人，斜升到57米高一层，另外一部可载50人的垂直电梯，开到115米高。电梯每小时可供2400人用。参观人也可以通过1792级楼梯徒步登塔，到顶层鸟瞰巴黎全景。 1886年，本茨制成世界上第一辆三轮内燃机汽车。1889年，本茨亲自驾驶着汽车在展示，大受欢迎，也预示人类的汽车时代已经到来。 1889年11月6日，法国卡尔诺总统主持了的盛大的世博会闭幕仪式，世博会明星爱迪生用新近发明的留声机，以播放埃菲尔宣布闭幕的声音作为博览会闭幕节目。 88# 老顽童thtsjy 铁塔的精神 1923年埃菲尔去世时，他的铁塔仍是世界上最高的建筑物，这一记录一直保持到1930年纽约克莱斯勒大厦建成，它比埃菲尔铁塔仅高出几米。 100多年来，埃菲尔铁塔历经风雨，屹立在塞纳河边，并成为巴黎城市的组成部分。百岁铁塔并没有因时间推移而失去代表时尚的美名，它那高耸、浪漫的丰韵成为了法国的志。它凝聚着崇尚创新的法兰西民族精神，它张扬着近代科学文明的威力，它彰显着巴黎城市无穷的文化魅力。当然，人们也不会忘记伟大的世界博览会，正是这样的一个创造、创新的舞台造就不朽的埃菲尔先生和永远的埃菲尔铁塔。 90# 老顽童thtsjy 1893年美国芝加哥世博会而今我们日常生活中离不开的拉链是由美国工程师Whitcomb L Judson发明并在1893年芝加哥世博会上亮相。 ([]

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